A Case of Renal Pelvic Cancer Complicated by Horseshoe Kidney Treated with RoboSurgeon Gasless Single-Port Retroperitoneoscopic Nephroureterectomy

Table 1

Authors (year)	Approach	Operation time (min)	Blood loss (ml)	complications
Palmer et al. (2011)	Transperitoneal laparo (HALS)	—	—	None
Murakami et al. (2007)	Transperitoneal laparo	300	400	None
The present case	Retroperitoneal RoboSurgeon	304	510	None

HALS: Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery.