Indocyanine Green Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging-Guided Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy for Left Ureteral Cancer in Patient with Horseshoe Kidney
Figure 3
(a) Gross appearance of horseshoe kidney under white light after blockage of blood supply to the left kidney. (b) Resection of the renal isthmus under white light. Dotted circle indicates renal isthmus border. (c) Resected surface of right part of kidney under white light. Adequate hemostasis was obtained by bipolar coagulation and a fibrin patch. Dotted circle indicates renal isthmus border. (d) ICG-based NIRF images showing strong ICG fluorescence in the dominant region of the right part of the kidney after blockage of blood supply to the left kidney. (e) Proper resection of the renal isthmus could be performed with assistance from NIRF imaging. (f) Adequate hemostasis of the resected surface of the right part of the kidney was confirmed using ICG-based NIRF imaging.