Traumatic Blunt Force Renal Injury in a Diseased Horseshoe Kidney with Successful Embolization to Treat Active Bleeding: A Case Report and Literature Review

Table 1

Summary of reported treatment outcomes and complications of blunt force injuries of horseshoe kidneys.

Author (publication year)	Age (years)	Sex	PR (bpm)	BP (mmHg)	AAST (grade)	Signs and symptoms	Active extravasation of contrast medium	Management	Location of injury	Complication
Daudia (1998) [8]	25	Male	60	100/60	NA	Gross hematuria; Anemia	NA	Open repair	Left lower pole	None
Legg (1998) [11]	49	Male	102	128/84	NA	Hemorrhagic shock grade 2; Anemia	Yes	Embolization	Left lower pole accessory renal artery	Retroperitoneal fluid collection
Trottier (2009) [7]	21	Male	Tachycardia (no number)	Hypotensive (no number)	4	Hemorrhagic shock grade 3	Yes	Endovascular with stent	Right polar artery arising from the common iliac artery	Compartment syndrome of the retroperitoneum
Dominguez (2010) [13]	16	Female	Stable (no number)	Stable (no number)	4	Kidney transection	No	Conservative	None	None
Molina Escudero (2011) [12]	25	Male	Stable (no number)	Stable (no number)	NA	Gross hematuria; Hemorrhagic shock grade 3	Yes	Embolization	Lower branch of right renal artery	None
Paragi (2011) [9]	30	Male	Stable (no number)	Stable (no number)	NA	Expanding retroperitoneal hematoma; Hypotension	NA	Open repair	Left wing of horseshoe kidney	Left subdiaphragmatic abscess
Cortese (2016) [10]	31	Male	140	80/50	4	Hemorrhagic shock grade 3	Yes	Open repair	Bilateral renal artery	None
Present case (2019)	57	Male	140	90/60	4	Hemorrhagic shock grade 2	Yes	Embolization	Lower branch of right renal artery	Infected hematoma