Case Report
Failure of Miltefosine Treatment in Two Dogs with Natural Leishmania infantum Infection
Table 2
Score for clinical parameters (on a scale from 0 to 86) used in dogs affected by canine leishmaniasis.
| Clinical sign | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Appetite | Normal | Slight decrease | Moderate decrease | Anorexia | Mentation | Normal | Slight depression | Depression | Prostration | Lethargy | No | Slight | Moderate | Refusal to move | Weight loss | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | Polyuria | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | Polydipsia | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | Localized muscular atrophy (temporal muscles) | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | Generalized muscular atrophy | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | Lymphadenomegaly | No | 1-2 nodes | 2 > 4 nodes | Generalized | Splenomegaly | No | | Yes | | Conjunctivitis and/or blepharitis | No | Unilateral and slight | Bilateral or unilateral severe | Bilateral and severe | Uveitis and/or keratitis | No | Unilateral and slight | Bilateral or unilateral severe | Bilateral and severe | Pale mucous membranes | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | Epistaxis | Never presented | Sporadic | Frequent | Incoercible | Mouth ulcers or nodules | No | 1 or 2 small ulcers or nodules | >2 small ulcers or nodules | >1/4 or oral mouth cover by ulcers or nodules | Vomiting | No | Sporadic | Frequent | Frequent with blood | Diarrhea | No | Sporadic | Frequent | Constant | Lameness | No | Sporadic | Frequent | Constant | Itching | No | Sporadic | Frequent | Constant | Erythema | No | <10% body surface or slight generalized erythema | 10–25% body surface or moderate generalized erythema | >25% body surface | Dry exfoliative dermatitis | No | <10% body surface or slight generalized erythema | 10–25% body surface or moderate generalized erythema | >25% body surface | Ulcerative dermatitis | No | 1-2 ulcers | 3–5 ulcers | >5 ulcers | Nodular dermatitis | No | 1-2 nodules | 3–5 nodules | >5 nodules | Sterile pustular dermatitis | No | 1-2 pustules | 3–5 pustules | >5 pustules | Alopecia | No | <10% body surface | 10–25% body surface erythema | >25% body surface | Altered pigmentation | No | Localized | Multifocal | Generalized | Hyperkeratosis of nasal planum and pads | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | Generalized hyperkeratosis | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe | Onychogryphosis | No | Slight | Moderate | Severe |
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