Preliminary Evidence of Reduced Urge to Cough and Cough Response in Four Individuals following Remote Traumatic Brain Injury with Tracheostomy

Table 1

Demographics of healthy controls (HCs) and participants with TBI.

		M/F	Age (yrs.)	Time since TBI (yrs.)	RLAS^1	MOCA^2	Education (yrs.)	Other PMH
TBI	1	F	49	1.26	VI	N/A	18	DVT, Asp PNA, GJ tube, double vision, and deafness
	2	M	22	2.10	VIII	23	12	Rare dysphagia episodes (thin liquids) after TBI
	3	F	20	0.55	VIII	24	12	Heterotopic ossification s/p TBI, oropharyngeal dysphagia after TBI (resolved)
	4	M	22	3.46	VII	25	15	Dysphagia s/p TBI, reporting no symptoms currently
HCs		F ()	23.60 (3.80)	N/A	N/A	N/A
		M ()	24.19 (3.96)	N/A	N/A	N/A

Rancho Los Amigos Scale score [30]; ²Montreal Cognitive Assessment [31].