The Role of Open Lung Biopsy in Critically Ill Patients with Hypoxic Respiratory Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Table 6

Overview of postoperative characteristics of relevant studies of open lung biopsy in patients with respiratory insufficiency.

Author, year reference	Complication (%)	Specific diagnosis (%)	Treatment alteration (%)	Change in management after open lung biopsy
				Steroids added (%)	Steroid dose increased (%)	Steroids stopped (%)	Total of patients who received; steroids after open lung biopsy; patients on steroids + added − stopped (%)
Warner et al., 1988 [5]	19	66	70	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Papazian et al., 1998 [15]	19	75	92	17	n/a	3	n/a
Flabouris and Myburgh, 1999 [7]	17	46	75	54	n/a	4	n/a
Chuang et al., 2003 [6]	24	47	65	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Patel et al., 2004 [8]	7	60	60	46	2	3	n/a
Kao et al., 2006 [9]	20	44	73	n/a	n/a	n/a	61
Arabi et al., 2007 [4]	0	100	71	43	n/a	n/a	n/a
Baumann et al., 2008 [10]	7	70	81	26	26	n/a	n/a
Lim et al., 2007 [16]	56	86	64	42	n/a	n/a	n/a
Charbonney et al., 2009 [17]	26	68	89	5	16	16	42
Kao et al., 2015 [11]	14	44	49	16	n/a	n/a	n/a
Hughes and McGuire, 1997 [18]	37	74	85	41	15	4	4
Lachapelle and Morin, 1995 [19]	19	68	59	16	n/a	n/a	n/a
Guerin et al., 2015 [3]	25	50	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a
Papazian et al., 2007 [14]	11	87	78	28	n/a	n/a	n/a
Bove et al., 1994 [20]	12	100	55	45	n/a	4	4
Canver and Mentzer Jr., 1994 [21]	55	100	67	22	27	n/a	n/a
Soh et al., 2005 [22]	41	53	44	19	n/a	n/a	n/a
Present study	30	67	67	17	n/a	5	5

n/a: not available, data was not made available in the paper.
: complications definition includes persistent air leak more than 7 days or bleeding requiring a blood transfusion.
: complications related to surgery included postoperative air leak, pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, bleeding, and wound infection.
: persistent air leak through chest tube postoperatively, postoperative pneumothorax, postoperative hemorrhage (>500 mL blood loss in first 24 h), postoperative myocardial infarction, intraoperative desaturation (oxygen saturation, 90% or PaO₂, 60 mmHg) and persistent air leak postoperatively, intraoperative hypotension (>20% reduction in blood pressure), and postoperative pneumothorax.
: prolonged air leak (>4 days) and massive subcutaneous emphysema.
: air leaks (leaky chest tubes without pneumothorax, pneumothoraces requiring chest tubes, subcutaneous emphysema without pneumothorax, and bronchopleural fistula after chest tube removal) and bleeding.
: required blood transfusion during the 48 hr period following OLB, for a hemothorax, mechanical complication beginning during the 48 hr period following OLB pneumothoraces, and moderate air leaks from operative chest tubes for 24 hrs that did not require surgery.
: persistent air leak (longest air leak lasted 14 days), bronchopleural fistula, and patients requiring reintubation with prolonged mechanical ventilation.
∧∧: includes interstitial pneumonitis, interstitial fibrosis, Pneumocystis carinii, bronchiolitis obliterans, lung carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma, infectious and other pathological diagnosis on lung biopsy.
: prolonged air leak requiring prolonged chest tube drainage but no surgical therapy.
μ: persistent air leak, bronchopleural fistula, empyema, and wound infection.
: added or dose changed.