Approach to Hemoptysis in the Modern Era

Table 2

Causes of massive hemoptysis in recent studies.

Study	Hemoptysis inclusion criteria	Location	n	Etiology of hemoptysis, %
				TB	Bronchiectasis	Lung CA	Mycetoma	Pneumonia	Others	Idiopathic
Bhalla et al. [33]	>30 mL/d	India	64	65	9	7	NS	11	9	NS
Kiral et al. [29]	>200 mL/d	Turkey	203	21	15	20	3	NS	19	22
Fartoukh et al. [34]	ICU admission	France	1087	25	20	17	6	NS	20	18
Chan et al. [35]	>200 mL/d	Hong Kong	251	42	32	8.5	4.5	5	5	3
Shigemura et al. [36]	>600 mL/d	China	62	55	23	6	8	6	2	NS
Valipour et al. [31]	>150 mL/h	Austria	57	23	8.5	35	NS	NS	17.5	16
Ong and Eng [37]	>300 mL/d or intubation	Singapore	29	10	66	7	14	NS	3	NS
Revel et al. [32]	>150 mL/d	France	80	19	31	11	7.5	NS	21.5	10
Hsiao et al. [30]	Requiring bronchial arteriography	USA	28	7	57	14	NS	NS	14	7
Lee et al. [28]	Surgical resection considered	Hong Kong	54	17	57	4	NS	NS	7.3	NS

NS = not specified; 98% of the patients had more than 100 mL/day [33].