Thin Air Resulting in High Pressure: Mountain Sickness and Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension

Figure 1

Mechanisms of vascular remodeling in chronic hypoxia (from [16], permission granted). AEC: alveolar epithelial cell; CCL: C-C motif chemokine ligand; CD40L: CD40 ligand; CXCL: C-X-C motif chemokine ligand; ECAM: endothelial cell adhesion molecule; FGF: fibroblast growth factor; HDAC: histone deacetylase; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor; ICAM: intercellular adhesion molecule; IL: interleukin; NO-sGC-cGMP: nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic GMP; MCP: monocyte chemoattractant protein; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; PGI₂: prostacyclin; RANTES: regulated upon activation, normally T-expressed, and presumably secreted; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SDF: stromal cell-derived factor; TRPC6: transient receptor potential cation channel 6; VCAM: vascular cell adhesion molecule.