Review of Echocardiographic Findings in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Table 2

Left ventricular bidimensional parameters in relationship with OSA severity.

Echocardiographic variables		AHI <5 events·h^−1	Mild OSA	Moderate OSA	Severe OSA
IVSD (cm)	Altekin et al. [14]	0.89 ± 0.09	1.03 ± 0.1	1.03 ± 0.13^†	1.13 ± 0.13^†	<0.05
	Zhou et al. [15]	0.92 ± 0.11	0.97 ± 0.17	1.12 ± 0.16^†	1.14 ± 0.19^†	<0.005
	Dursunoglu et al. [9]		0.99 ± 0.09	1.09 ± 0.13^‡	1.12 ± 0.11^‡	≤0.01
	Wachter et al. [16]	1.17 ± 0.16	1.22 ± 0.19^†	1.24 ± 0.18^†		<0.05
	Holtstrand et al. [8]	1.04 ± 0.14		1.07 ± 0.14		0.028
	Varghese et al. [10]	1.12 ± 0.12			1.18 ± 0.13	0.05
	Vural et al. [17]	0.95 ± 0.11	0.95 ± 0.11	1.00 ± 0.12	1.01 ± 0.11^†	<0.05
PWD (cm)	Altekin et al. [14]	0.88 ± 0.07	1.03 ± 0.09^†	1.04 ± 0.12^†	1.11 ± 0.13^†	<0.05
	Dursunoglu et al. [9]		0.98 ± 0.08	1.08 ± 0.09^‡	1.14 ± 0.09^‡	≤0.01
	Wachter et al. [16]	1.08 ± 0.14	1.12 ± 0.14^†	1.13 ± 0.14^†		<0.05
LVMI (g/m^2)	Varghese et al. [10]	1.07 ± 0.11			1.14 ± 0.13	0.05
	Altekin et al. [11]	86.5 ± 18.7	93.2 ± 16.6	94.5 ± 22.9	103.5 ± 22.9^†	<0.05
	Varghese et al. [10]	92.4 ± 9.8			98.5 ± 13.5	0.04
	Dursunoglu et al. [9]		100.5 ± 42.3	126.5 ± 41.2^‡	144.7 ± 39.8^‡	≤0.002
	Wachter et al. [16]	113 ± 26	119 ± 26	125 ± 29		<0.001
	Imai et al. [13]		107.2 ± 18.5	117.4 ± 19.9		<0.0001
RWT (cm)	Imai et al. [13]		0.4 ± 0.05	0.4 ± 0.04		<0.0001

IVSD: interventricular septum thickness; PWD: posterior wall thickness; LVMI: left ventricular mass index; RWT: relative wall thickness; AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea.^†Significantly different from AHI <5 events·h⁻¹; ^‡significantly different from mild OSA.