Review of Echocardiographic Findings in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Table 6

Left ventricular tissue Doppler parameters in patients with OSA.

Echocardiographic variables		AHI <5 events·h^−1	Mild OSA	Moderate OSA	Severe OSA
E’ (cm/s)	Imai et al. [13]		10.7 ± 3.0		8.7 ± 1.9	<0.0001
	Varghese et al. [10]	10.6 ± 1.1			9.2 ± 2.1	0.01
	Vural et al. [17]	11.6 ± 1.5	9.6 ± 1.7	6.3 ± 1.1^†,‡	6.1 ± 1.4^†,‡	<0.05
	Oliveira et al. [25]		7.7 ± 1.5	7.3 ± 2.0	6.2 ± 1.8^‡,	<0.05
	Vitarelli et al. [24]	12.1 ± 2.2	11.4 ± 2.1		7.7 ± 2.8^†	0.016
E/E`	Altekin et al. [11]	6.88 ± 1.7	6.91 ± 1.9	8.56 ± 2.37	10.29 ± 1.48^†,‡,	<0.001
	Wachter et al. [16]	11.0 ± 3.6	11.7 ± 3.5	12.7 ± 5.3^†		<0.05
	Imai et al. [13]		7.6 ± 2.2		7.8 ± 2.3	0.04
	Varghese et al. [10]	8.44 ± 1.6			9.69 ± 2.6	0.03
A’ (cm/s)	Altekin et al [14]	8.13 ± 2.22	8.62 ± 2.68	11.31 ± 2.87^†,‡	13.89 ± 2.32^†,‡,	<0.05
	Vural et al. [17]	6.5 ± 1.2	8.4 ± 2.4^†	11.9 ± 2.2^†,‡	12.0 ± 2.8^†,‡	<0.05
	Vitarelli et al. [24]	5.6 ± 1.6	5.5 ± 1.8		8.8 ± 2.5^†	0.025
	Oliveira et al. [25]		9.7 ± 1.9	10.4 ± 3.1	11.6 ± 3.6^‡,	<0.05
	Oliveira et al. [27]	9.4 ± 2.9	10.6 ± 3.0			0.02
	Oliveira et al. [25]		6.1 ± 1.4	6.8 ± 1.7	8.2 ± 1.9^‡,	<0.05
E’/A’	Oliveira et al. [25]		1.3 ± 0.4	1.1 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.3^‡,	<0.05

AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea. ^†Significantly different from AHI <5 events·h⁻¹; ^‡significantly different from mild OSA; significantly different from moderate OSA.