Clinical and Functional Characteristics of Subjects with Asthma, COPD, and Asthma-COPD Overlap: A Multicentre Study in Vietnam

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of study subjects.

Parameters	Asthma	COPD	ACO
Age (years)	41 ± 22	59 ± 13	52 ± 14	<0.01; NS
Male/female ratio	0.9	8.4	3.3	<0.001; <0.05
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.4 ± 4.1	20.3 ± 3.5	21.7 ± 2.8	NS
Smoking status
Never smoking (%)	76.3	8.1	38.9	<0.001; <0.01
Active smoking (%)	5.3	72.9	37.2	<0.001; <0.01
Former smokers (%)	18.4	19.0	23.9	NS
TC (pack-year)	9 ± 4	37 ± 12	31 ± 16	<0.001; NS
Diagnosis before inclusion
Undiagnosed	11.8	32.4	16.9	<0.05; NS
Asthma (%)	75.1	24.3	52.5	<0.001; <0.05; <0.01
COPD (%)	13.1	43.3	32.6	<0.001; <0.05
Management before inclusion
Nontreated	44.7	56.7	33.8	NS; <0.05
Treatment status	55.3	43.3	66.2	NS; <0.05
SABA (%)	78.3	25.0	64.4	<0.001; <0.05
LABA + LAMA (%)	15.6	75.0	28.8	<0.001; <0.05
Others^α (%)	24.5	25.0	27.1	NS
Medical history
Chronic bronchitis (%)	17.1	77.4	47.4	<0.001; <0.01
Childhood asthma (%)	73.6	2.7	33.8	<0.001; <0.01
Nonrespiratory diseases (%)	9.3	19.9	18.8	<0.01; NS
Family history of asthma (%)	21.1	1.3	10.1	<0.001; <0.01
Comorbidity	35.5	54.3	67.7	<0.05
CVD (%)	17.0	26.6	28.1	<0.01; NS
ECD (%)	22.2	15.5	22.8	<0.05; NS
Others (%)	40.8	39.9	19.9	NS; <0.05
Allergy status (%)	82.8	12.1	77.9	<0.001; <0.05
Clinical symptoms
Cough + expectoration (%)	25.1	90.5	84.7	<0.001; NS
Dyspnea crisis (exacerbation) (%)	89.4	25.6	57.6	<0.001; <0.01
Dyspnea on excretion (%)	35.5	82.4	91.5	<0.001; <0.05
HAE (times/year)	1.1 ± 0.7	1.2 ± 0.6	1.4 ± 1.3	NS

ACO: asthma-COPD overlap; BMI: body mass index; TC: tobacco consumption; SABA: short-acting beta-2 agonist; LABA: long-acting beta-2 agonist; LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonist; CVD: cardiovascular disease; ECD: endocrinology disorder defined as metabolic syndrome; HAE: hospitalization for acute exacerbation. ^αAcetyl cysteine, theophylline, and leukotriene antagonists. Asthma versus COPD; asthma versus ACO; ACO versus COPD.