Cost Analysis of Noninvasive Helmet Ventilation Compared with Use of Noninvasive Face Mask in ARDS

Table 1

Outcomes and adverse events in the Patel et al. [7] study.

	Face mask (n = 39)	Helmet (n = 44)	Absolute difference (95% CI)	value
Primary outcomes, n (%)
Endotracheal intubation	24 (61.5)	8 (18.2)	−43.3 (−62.4 to −24.3)	<0.001
Reason for intubation
Respiratory failure	20 (83.3)	3 (37.5)	−45.3 (−82.5 to −9.1)	0.01
Circulatory failure	3 (12.5)	0 (0)	−12.5 (−25.7 to 0.7)	0.55
Neurologic failure	1 (4.2)	5 (62.5)	58.3 (24.8 to 92.8)	0.001
Secondary outcomes, median (IQR), days
Ventilator-free days	12.5 (0.49 to 28)	28 (13.7 to 28)	8.4 (13.4 to 3.4)	<0.001
ICU LOS	7.8 (3.9 to 13.8)	4.7 (2.5 to 8.7)	−2.76 (−6.07 to 0.54)	0.04
Hospital LOS	15.2 (7.8 to 19.7)	10.1 (6.5 to 15.9)	−2.92 (−8.47 to 2.63)	0.16
Mortality, n (%)
Hospital	19 (48.7)	12 (27.3)	−21.4 (−41.9 to −1.0)	0.04
90 days	22 (56.4)	15 (34.1)	−22.3 (−43.3 to −1.4)	0.02
Adverse events
Mask deflation	0 (0)	2 (4.5)
Skin ulceration	3 (7.6)	3 (6.8)