The Serum Level of IL-1B Correlates with the Activity of Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis

Table 1

Clinical characteristics of subjects with CPA in the whole and subgroup analysis.

		Whole group ()	Total ()	Subgroup		value
				Serum IL-1B ≥ 20.3 ng/L ()	Serum IL-1B < 20.3 ng/L ()
Age, years		57 (48.0, 66.0)	55 (42.0, 62.0)	56.5 (46.0, 62.0)	50.5 (40.3, 63.0)	0.356
Gender, male		279 (59.5)	52 (59.1)	24 (54.5)	28 (63.6)	0.386
BMI, kg/m^2		21.1 ± 3.6	21.4 ± 3.9	21.6 ± 4.1	21.3 ± 3.8	0.729
Smoking history, yes, pulmonary underlying diseases		144 (30.7)	26 (29.5)	11 (25.0)	15 (34.1)	0.350
TB	Treated	180 (38.4)	40 (45.5)	22 (50.0)	18 (40.9)	0.392
	Active	87 (18.6)	—	—	—	—
NTM infection		30 (6.4)	—	—	—	—
Other acute  respiratory  infections		59 (12.6)	—	—	—	—
Lung abscess		12 (2.6)	—	—	—	—
Cancers		60 (12.8)	—	—	—	—
COPD	Stable	212 (45.2)	47 (53.4)	24 (54.5)	23 (52.3)	0.831
	Acute	53 (11.3)	—	—	—	—
Sarcoidosis		34 (7.3)	5 (5.7)	2 (4.5)	3 (6.8)	1.000
AIP		12 (2.6)	—	—	—	—
Other ILD		53 (11.3)	4 (4.8)	3 (6.8)	1 (2.3)	0.616
Systemic comorbidities
DM		53 (11.3)	7 (8.0)	3 (6.8)	4 (9.1)	1.000
Hypertension		60 (12.8)	14 (15.9)	6 (13.6)	8 (18.2)	0.560
Cardiac diseases		60 (12.8)	9 (10.2)	3 (6.8)	6 (13.6)	0.484
Cerebrovascular  diseases		14 (2.98)	2 (2.3)	0 (0)	2 (4.5)	0.494
Systemic CS therapy		36 (7.7)	—	—	—	—
Systemic IS therapy		32 (6.8)	—	—	—	—
Pulmonary surgery history		38 (8.1)	9 (10.2)	2 (4.5)	7 (15.9)	0.157
Symptoms
Cough		460 (98.1)	85 (96.6)	44 (100)	41 (93.2)	0.241
Sputum production		455 (97.0)	82 (93.2)	42 (95.5)	40 (90.9)	0.676
Hemosputum		272 (58.0)	45 (51.1)	26 (59.1)	19 (43.2)	0.135
Fever		158 (33.7)	19 (21.6)	8 (18.2)	11 (25.0)	0.437
Chest pain		58 (12.36)	5 (5.68)	2 (4.5)	3 (6.8)	1.000
Fatigue		79 (16.8)	4 (4.5)	3 (6.8)	1 (2.3)	0.616
Radiological features
Cavity		235 (50.1)	40 (45.5)	27 (61.4)	13 (29.5)	0.003
Aspergilloma		212 (45.2)	36 (40.9)	25 (56.8)	11 (25.0)	0.002
Bronchiectasis		408 (87.0)	83 (94.3)	23 (52.3)	23 (52.3)	1.000
Patch		451 (96.2)	82 (93.2)	43 (97.7)	39 (88.6)	0.091
Consolidation		363 (77.4)	60 (68.2)	27 (61.4)	33 (75.0)	0.170
Nodules		332 (70.8)	58 (65.9)	31 (70.5)	27 (61.4)	0.368
Tree-in-bud pattern		85 (18.1)	8 (9.1)	3 (6.8)	5 (11.4)	0.713
Atelectasis		28 (6.0)	3 (3.40)	0 (0)	3 (6.8)	0.241
Pleural effusion		79 (16.8)	8 (9.1)	5 (11.4)	3 (6.8)	0.713
Pleural thickening		192 (40.9)	39 (44.3)	22 (50)	17 (38.6)	0.283
Interstitial fibrosis		53 (11.3)	4 (4.8)	2 (4.5)	2 (4.5)	1.000
Lung volume reduction		47 (10.0)	6 (6.8)	2 (4.5)	4 (9.1)	0.676
GGO		53 (11.3)	8 (9.1)	2 (4.5)	6 (13.6)	0.266
Cavity diameter (cm)		3.6 (2.6, 4.8)	3.4 (2.1, 4.8)	4.6 (2.8, 5.0)	2.0 (1.6, 2.7)	0.000
Aspergilloma size (cm)		2.4 (1.7, 3.3)	1.8 (1.5, 3.5)	2.5 (1.6, 3.8)	1.5 (0.9, 1.9)	0.006
Cavity wall thickness (cm)		0.7 (0.5, 1.0)	0.7 (0.3, 1.1)	0.9 (0.4, 1.2)	0.4 (0.2, 0.7)	0.023
G test, positive		95 (20.3)	16 (18.2)	9 (20.5)	7 (15.9)	0.580
GM test, positive
Blood		211 (45.0)	43 (48.9)	25 (56.8)	18 (40.9)	0.135
BWF		338 (72.1)	60 (68.2)	32 (72.7)	28 (63.6)	0.360
Aspergillus antibody, positive		276 (58.8)	55 (62.5)	25 (56.8)	30 (68.2)	0.271
Culture proof
Sputum		177 (37.7)	32 (36.4)	17 (38.6)	15 (34.1)	0.658
BWF		165 (35.2)	32 (36.4)	19 (43.2)	13 (29.5)	0.184
Laboratory test result
ALB		39.1 ± 5.7	38.9 ± 5.6	38.6 ± 4.9	39.1 ± 6.2	0.699
WBC		7.2 (5.4, 9.3)	7.5 (5.3, 9.0)	7.1 (5.1, 9.6)	8.0 (5.4, 8.8)	0.867
CRP		6.9 (2.7, 20.4)	5.9 (2.1, 18.8)	5.8 (2.0, 26.2)	6.0 (2.4, 8.3)	0.987
ESR		33.3 (16.4, 51.3)	26.9 (11.8, 51.6)	26.3 (11.5, 50.0)	30.7 (12.2, 52.7)	0.739
Inflammatory cytokines (ng/l)
IL-1B		26.1 (15.2, 50.6)	20.3 (15.2, 42.3)	42.2 (25.2, 57.6)	15.2 (11.7, 17.3)	0.000
IL-2		144.9 (102.2, 193.1)	110.9 (75.1, 159.8)	112.5 (76.3, 161.1)	101.0 (69.9, 147.3)	0.413
IL-5		39.2 (26.8, 62.3)	37.7 (26.4, 61.5)	46.8 (27.0, 62.4)	32.8 (25.1, 50.1)	0.090
IL-6		45.6 (23.0, 94.8)	39.8 (26.7, 73.9)	56.0 (27.6, 77.2)	33.9 (24.6, 66.6)	0.123
TNF-α		52.3 (30.3, 96.1)	53.6 (33.7, 90.0)	65.4 (33.5, 96.0)	46.5 (33.9, 79.4)	0.174
γ-IFN		16.6 (11.6, 27.5)	17.8 (11.8, 27.0)	20.0 (11.9, 31.4)	16.8 (11.7, 22.3)	0.129

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) or number (percentage). AIP: acute interstitial pneumonia; ALB: albumin; BMI: body mass index; BWF: bronchial washing fluid; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP: C-reactive protein; CS: corticosteroid; DM: diabetes mellitus; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GGO: ground glass opacity; IFN: interferon; IL: interleukin; ILD: interstitial lung disease; IS: immunosuppressive; NTM: nontuberculous mycobacterium; TB: tuberculosis; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; WBC: white blood cell.