Endocan, a Risk Factor for Developing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome among Severe Pneumonia Patients

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of SP patients with or without ARDS development.

Parameters	SP with ARDS development		value
	Yes (n = 37)	No (n = 108)
Age (years)	61.3 ± 10.4	56.4 ± 9.8	0.011
Gender (n, %)			0.12
Male	23 (62.2%)	51 (47.2%)
Female	14 (37.8%)	57 (52.8%)
Current smokers (n, %)	12 (32.4%)	23 (21.3%)	0.17
Clinical scores
APACHE II	16.7 ± 5.1	16.5 ± 4.7	0.83
SOFA	4.4 ± 1.9	5.2 ± 2.1	0.043
LIS	2.5 ± 0.7	2.2 ± 0.6	0.013
Comorbidities
Diabetes	7 (18.9%)	27 (25.0%)	0.45
Metabolic diseases	2 (5.4%)	8 (7.4%)	0.68
Renal diseases	7 (18.9%)	21 (19.4%)	0.94
Cardiovascular diseases	6 (16.2%)	17 (15.7%)	0.95
Sepsis (%)	19 (51.4%)	43 (39.8%)	0.22
Body temperature (°C)	37.5 ± 0.9	37.1 ± 0.8	0.012
Respiratory rate (bpm)	24.3 ± 7.8	23.8 ± 8.4	0.75
Heart rate (bpm)	112.4 ± 19.9	103.4 ± 17.8	0.011
SBP (mmHg)	110.1 ± 20.1	119.8 ± 24.3	0.031
DBP (mmHg)	68.4 ± 15.9	70.4 ± 16.1	0.51
SpO2 (%)	94.1 ± 5.5	96.2 ± 4.8	0.029
Pleural effusion (%)	23 (62.2%)	78 (72.2%)	0.25
Treatment strategies during the overall ICU stay (%)
Corticosteroids	21 (56.8%)	75 (69.4%)	0.16
Blood product transfusion	6 (16.2%)	11 (10.2%)	0.33
MV	36 (97.3%)	100 (92.6%)	0.31

SP, severe pneumonia; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; APACH, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; LIS, lung injury score; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SpO₂, oxygen saturation of pulse oximetry; MV, mechanical ventilation. values were calculated by Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U-test, chi-squared test, or Fisher’s exact test. .