Clinical Features and Contributing Factors of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Chinese Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: The Role of Comorbid Symptoms and Polysomnographic Variables

Table 2

Clinical manifestations and comorbidities of the total OSA patients and the patients with different severities of EDS.

	Total	Non-EDS	Mild to moderate EDS	Severe EDS	χ^2
Gasping/choking	38.8	33.7	46.3^c	58.5^a	22.331	<0.0001
Morning headache	17	12.4	23.3^c	36.9^a,b	33.529	<0.0001
Dry mouth	65.2	61.9	70.9^c	75.4^a	9.122	0.010
Increased nocturia	28	25.4	29.1	47.7^a,b	14.530	0.001
Memory loss	61.2	55.3	70.5^c	81.5^a	28.023	<0.0001
Irritability	37.2	33.7	43.6^c	46.2^a	9.320	0.009
Life disturbance	38.8	33.0	47.1^c	61.5^a,b	29.075	<0.0001
Work disturbance	27.8	19.4	38.8^c	64.6^a,b	77.871	<0.0001
Commute disturbance	15.3	7.6	26.4^c	46.2^a,b	96.193	<0.0001
Hypertension	35.5	33.3	39.2	41.5	3.592	0.166
T2DM	9.3	7.0	12.3^c	18.5^a	12.494	0.002
COPD	4	5	1.8	3.1	4.564	0.102
IHD	9.8	9.3	9.3	16.9	3.972	0.137
Stroke	2.5	2.4	3.1	1.5	0.580	0.748
Gastroesophageal reflux	9.6	9.5	9.7	10.8	0.119	0.942
Hypothyroidism	3.3	4.0	1.8	3.1	2.454	0.293
Pharyngitis	43.6	44.5	40.5	46.2	1.236	0.539
Rhinitis	34.1	35.2	32.6	29.2	1.240	0.538
Smoking	9.4	9.6	8.8	9.2	0.128	0.938
Alcohol use	3.2	2.7	3.5	6.2	2.287	0.319
History of upper airway surgery	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.5	0.214	0.898
Mandibular retraction	5.6	5.3	7.0	3.1	1.764	0.414
Tonsil enlargement	9.2	7.2	13.2^c	12.3	7.909	0.019
Pharyngeal stenosis	16.4	12.4	22.5^c	30.8^a	22.815	<0.0001

Data are presented as percentage. ^aComparisons between non-EDS versus severe EDS groups (); ^bcomparisons between mild to moderate EDS versus severe EDS groups (); ^ccomparisons between non-EDS versus mild to moderate EDS groups (). EDS: excessive daytime sleepiness; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IHD: ischemic heart disease.