The Role of Immunotherapy in Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature

Table 1

Selected clinical trial of immunotherapy agents for SCLC.

Trial	Phase	Line	Study type	Therapy	Primary endpoint	Results	ClinTrial Gov Identifier
Checkmate 032 [19]	I/II	3^rd	Randomized cohort	Nivolumab ± ipilimumab	ORR	Nivo 3 mg/kg ORR: 12%	NCT01928394
						Nivo 1 mg/kg + ipi 3 mg/kg ORR: 23%
						Nivo 3 mg/kg + ipi 1 mg/kg ORR: 19%
IMpower 133 [21]	III	1^st	Randomized, multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled	Carboplatin + etoposide + atezolizumab or carboplatin + etoposide + placebo	PFS + OS	Median OS: 12.3 months vs 10.3 months	NCT02763579
						Median PFS: 5.2 months vs 4.3 months
Checkmate 331 [22]	III	2^nd	Randomized, open label, global	Nivolumab vs topotecan/amrubicin	OS	Primary endpoint not met	NCT02481830
Checkmate 451 [23]	III	1^st (main)	Randomized, double-blind, multicenter	Nivolumab, nivolumab + ipilimumab, placebo	OS	Primary endpoint not met	NCT02538666
Keynote 028 [24]	Ib	2^nd	Open label, nonrandomized, multicenter, multicohort	Pembrolizumab	Best OR (RECIST version 1.1)	ORR: 33%	NCT02054806
Keynote 158 [25]	II	2^nd	Open label, nonrandomized, multicenter, multicohort	Pembrolizumab	ORR	ORR: 19%	NCT02628067
Keynote 604 [27]	III	1^st	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled	Pembrolizumab + platinum/etoposide vs platinum/etoposide	PFS + OS	Ongoing	NCT03066778
Caspian [28]	III	1^st	Randomized, multicenter, open label	Durvalumab ± tremelimumab + chemotherapy vs chemotherapy	PFS + OS	Ongoing	NCT03043872
Meru [29]	III	2^nd	Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled	Rova-T + dexamethasone vs placebo (after chemo)	PFS + OS	Ongoing	NCT03033511