Authors and references Year of publication Comparator Commentary Davies et al. [11 ] (TIME2) 2012 IPC versus talc pleurodesis No significant differences between the two groups to relieve dyspnea Rahman et al. [12 ] (TIME1) 2015 Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and chest drain size NSAID versus opiates was associated with more need for rescue medication in the first with no lower rates of pleurodesis efficacy. The 12 F versus 24 F chest tubes were associated with pain reduction but did not meet the noninferiority criteria for the efficacy of pleurodesis. Thomas et al. [54 ] (AMPLE) 2017 IPC versus talc pleurodesis Median hospitalization days was lower in IPC patients ( Wahidi et al. [82 ] (ASAP) 2017 IPC: Daily drainage versus symptom-guided drainage Higher success rate of pleurodesis with aggressive drainage, without improving control of dyspnea Muruganandan et al. [81 ] (AMPLE2) 2018 IPC: Daily drainage versus symptom-guided drainage Higher success rate of pleurodesis with aggressive drainage, without improving control of dyspnea Bhatnagar et al. [92 ] (IPC plus) 2018 Talc pleurodesis through IPC versus placebo Pleurodesis in 43% and 23%, respectively ( Mishra et al. [96 ] (TIME3) 2018 Intrapleural urokinase versus placebo Urokinase does not reduce dyspnea or improve pleurodesis success rate Bhatnagar et al. [64 ] (TAPPS) 2019 Talc poudrage by thoracoscopy versus talc slurry by chest drainage Pleurodesis failure rate of 22% in the first group and 24% in the second ( Sivakumar et al. [98 ] (OPTIMUM) — Talc pleurodesis through IPC versus chest drainage (small size) Improving the quality of life will be assessed ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02649894 [99 ] (SWIFT) — Silver nitrate eluting catheter versus standard IPC The success rate of pleurodesis will be assessed Anzctr.org.au identifier: ACTRN12618001013257 [100 ] (AMPLE3) — IPC versus VATS pleurodesis Requirement for ipsilateral pleural procedure Matthews et al. [101 ] (MESOTRAP) — VATS-PD versus standard IPC Improvement of dyspnea will be assess in patients with trapped lung and malignant pleural mesothelioma
