Postinfectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children: Diagnostic Workup and Therapeutic Options: A Workshop Report

Table 3

Potential biomarkers in BO.

Parameter	Entity	Serum	BAL/sputum	Evidence	Reference
Neutrophils	PIBO	—	Increased	A	Eckrich et al. [75]
	BOS
CRP	BOS	Increased	Increased	A	Vos et al. [76]
IL-1β	PIBO	—	Increased	A	Rosewich et al. [62]
	BOS
IL-6	PIBO	—	Increased	A	Rosewich et al. [62]
	BOS
IL-8	PIBO	—	Increased	A	Koh et al. [77]
YKL-40	PIBO	Increased	—	B	Jang et al. [78]
KL-6	BOS	Increased	—	B	Ohshimo et al. [79]
Surfactant protein D	BOS	Decreased	—	B	Nakane et al. [80]
Metalloproteases 8 + 9	BOS	Normal	Increased	B	Taghavi et al. [81]
IL-17/IL23	BOS	—	Increased	B	Vanaudenaerde et al. [82]
CD8 T	BOS	Increased	Increased	B	Hodge et al. [83]
NK cells	BOS	Increased	Increased	B	Hodge et al. [83]
CXCL9	BOS	—	Increased	B	Shino et al. [84]
miRNA-2/miRNA-155	BOS	Increased	—		Budding et al. [85]
MIP-1α/CCL-3	BOS	—	Increased	B	Verleden et al. [86]

A: described by several studies; B: few reports.