Research Article
Effects of Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking on the Spirometric Profile of University Students in Palestine: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 3
Spirometry results comparing female and male waterpipe smokers and nonsmokers.
| | Parameters¥ | Female | Male | | WP smoker (n = 50) | Nonsmoker (n = 50) | value | WP smoker (n = 100) | Nonsmokers (n = 100) | value |
| | FEV1 | 3.2 (±0.4) | 3.3 (±0.5) | 0.207 | 4.3 (±0.4) | 4.6 (±0.5) | <0.001 | | FEV1% | 96.2 (±8.8) | 98.5 (±10.1) | 0.216 | 95.7 (±8.4) | 101.5 (±8.8) | <0.001 | | FVC | 3.7 (±0.5) | 3.6 (±0.5) | 0.552 | 5.1 (±0.6) | 5.3 (±0.6) | 0.085 | | FVC% | 96.4 (±8.6) | 94.5 (±10.5) | 0.319 | 94.2 (±8.9) | 97.5 (±9.8) | 0.047 | | PEF | 6.4 (±1.0) | 7.3 (±1.0) | <0.001 | 9.3 (±1.2) | 10.2 (±1.2) | <0.001 | | PEF% | 93.4 (±13.4) | 105.2 (±13.3) | <0.001 | 94.9 (±10.6) | 104.0 (±11.4) | <0.001 | | FEV1/FVC | 87.6 (±4.1) | 91.3 (±3.8) | <0.001 | 85.2 (±6.2) | 87.5 (±4.8) | 0.004 | | FEV1/FVC% | 101.4 (±4.8) | 105.6 (±4.5) | <0.001 | 101.6 (±7.7) | 104.3 (±5.9) | 0.006 | | FEF25–75 | 3.6 (±0.7) | 4.2 (±0.8) | 0.001 | 4.6 (±0.9) | 5.3 (±0.9) | 0.001 | | FEF25–75% | 97.1 (±16.7) | 112.3 (±20.0) | <0.001 | 95.8 (±19.7) | 108.4 (±17.5) | <0.001 |
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¥Values are presented in mean ± SD. Independent t-test. Adjusted values were obtained using linear regression. |
