Canadian Respiratory Journal

Research Article

High-Flow Nasal Cannula versus Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation in Patients with Heart Failure after Extubation: An Observational Cohort Study

Table 3

Univariate and multivariate analyses of variables associated with treatment failure and hospital mortality.


Variables	Treatment failure within 72 hours
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95% CI)	value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	value

Characteristics
HFNC vs NPPV	2.326 (6.58–0.822)	0.112^§	2.004 (0.687–5.841)	0.204
Reintubation	—		—	—
Age (years)	0.982 (0.952–1.014)	0.268	—	—
Male	0.969 (0.361–2.598)	0.95	—	—
Smoke	0.887 (0.332–2.371)	0.811	—	—
BMI, kg/m²	0.945 (0.863–1.034)	0.215	—	—
APACHE II at ICU admission, score	0.969 (0.906–1.037)	0.363	—	—

Echocardiography
LVEF, %	1.011 (0.956–1.069)	0.704	—	—
Systolic heart failure	0.958 (0.331–2.771)	0.937	—	—
Moderate to severe VHD	1.182 (0.453–3.084)	0.732	—	—

Diagnosis of admission
Cardiac arrest	—		—	—
Pneumonia	2.619 (0.986–6.956)^§	0.053^§	2.645 (0.968–7.227)	0.053
Exacerbated COPD	2.025 (0.175–23.463)	0.572	—	—
Acute decompensated heart failure	1.806 (0.634–5.143)	0.269	—	—
Acute coronary syndrome	—		—	—
Extrapulmonary sepsis	0.327 (0.04–2.689)	0.299	—	—

Comorbidities
Hypertension	0.677 (0.241–1.904)	0.46	—	—
Coronary artery disease	0.564 (0.207–1.540)	0.264	—	—
Cerebrovascular disease	0.85 (0.254–2.843)	0.792	—	—
Obstructive lung disease	1.417 (0.449–4.471)	0.553	—	—
Diabetes mellitus	0.843 (0.323–2.201)	0.727	—	—
Chronic kidney disease	1.993 (0.753–5.278)^§	0.165^§	1.983 (0.718–5.475)	0.186

Weaning status
RSBI, cycles/min/L	1.005 (0.99–1.021)	0.512	—	—
Pimax, cmH2O	1.008 (0.979–1.038)	0.6	—	—
Pemax, cmH2O	1.006 (0.992–1.021)	0.385	—	—
Minute ventilation, L/min	0.976 (0.836–1.139)	0.757	—	—
Cuff leak test, ml	1.0 (0.996–1.003)	0.958	—	—
MV days before extubation, days	1.036 (0.97–1.106)	0.293	—	—
GCS in the day of extubation, score	0.913 (0.731–1.139)	0.419	—	—

APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; HFNC, high-flow nasal cannula; MV, mechanical ventilation; NPPV, noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; OR, odds ratio; Pemax, maximum expiratory pressure; Pimax, maximum inspiratory pressure; RSBI, rapid shallow breathing index; VHD, valvular heart disease. ^§ value < 0.2 in the univariate analysis. ^∗ value < 0.05 in the multivariate analysis.