Estimates of Prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension according to Different International Definitions

Table 8

Association of pulmonary hypertension (≥20 mmHg) and 2D echo findings, ECG, and X-ray findings.

Findings	No pulmonary hypertension (n = 129)		Mild pulmonary hypertension (n = 80)		Moderate + severe pulmonary hypertension (n = 30)		ANOVA
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	F	P
TR velocity	1.15	0.28	1.63	0.69	2.53	1.06	64.863	<0.001
RSVP	24.84	4.06	37.50	7.73	54.70	13.55	236.263	<0.001
Pulmonary AT	70.00	13.39	54.95	6.30	35.85	7.42	137.854	<0.001
IVC diameter	13.91	1.04	16.25	2.41	21.57	1.98	244.722	<0.001
RA area (cm^2)	9.05	1.74	12.88	3.71	17.40	3.63	124.899	<0.001
TAPSE	2.14	0.12	2.01	0.26	1.89	0.39	19.514	<0.001
FAC (%)	38.76	5.34	40.04	6.11	39.10	6.71	1.212	0.299
LVEF (%)	61.26	2.42	61.11	3.81	59.43	4.84	3.804	0.024
		%	No.	%	No.	%	χ^2	P
RA enlargement	0	0.0	11	13.8	20	66.7	95.895	<0.001
RV enlargement	0	0.0	7	8.8	19	63.3	101.260	<0.001
Small left chamber	0	0.0	0	0.0	0	0.0	—	—
IV septum flattening	0	0.0	2	2.5	2	6.7	7.073	0.029
Pericardial effusion	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	3.3	6.996	0.030
Chest X-ray
Reticulations	17	13.2	10	12.5	7	23.3	2.351	0.309
Cardiomegaly	0	0.0	0	0.0	9	30.0	65.153	<0.001
Enlarged PA	0	0.0	1	1.3	5	16.7	28.405	<0.001
Pruning	0	0.0	0	0.0	1	3.3	6.996	0.030
RVH	0	0.0	1	1.3	17	56.7	119.041	<0.001
RAD	0	0.0	1	1.3	21	70.0	151.805	<0.001
P-pulmonale	0	0.0	1	1.3	13	43.3	87.508	<0.001

TR, tricuspid regurgitation; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; AT, acceleration time; IVC, inferior vena cava; RA, right atrium; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; FAC, fractional area change; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RV, right ventricle; IVS, interventricle septum; PA, pulmonary artery; ECG, electrocardiogram; RVH, right ventricular hypertrophy; RAD, right axis deviation.