Evaluation of Real-Life Investigational Use of Enoximone in Asthma, the Third Step in Drug Repurposing: A Preliminary Report

Table 1

Patients characteristics: age, gender, conventional medication use, enoximone treatment duration, and dosage (Pt = patient; dd = daily dosage; eod = every other day; prn: per as needed).

Pt nr	Groups nr	Age 2019	M/F	First seen	Morbidity	Dosage enoximone	Side effects	Medication before enox.	Medication after enox.	Period of use after starting enox.	Comments
20	1	58	F	March 2019	Asthma	10 mg dd	None	Mometasone 50 mcg nasal spr 1 dd	Idem	>25 months	Was candidate for mepoluzimab; prefers enox.
								Prednisone 30 mg 1 dd Foster aer. 200/6 2 dd	Idem
								Spiriva resp. 2,5, mcg 1 dd	Idem
								Foster aer. 200/6 2 dd	Idem
21	1	54	F	April 2018	Asthma	5 mg dd	Sleeping poorly/restless	Foster 100/6 2 dd	Idem	10 days	Stopped enox. because of side effects
								Beclomethasone 100 prn (nasal spray)	Idem
27	1	64	F	March 2013	Asthma/hay fever	10 mg 2 x p/w	None	Foster 100/6 2 dd	Idem	>8 years
								Rhinocort 32 1 dd	Idem
								Levocetirizine 5 mg 1 dd	Idem
41	1	76	F	Feb. 2018	Asthma	5 mg dd	None	Salbutamol 100 2 dd	1 dd	>3 years	Appeared to have lung fibrosis, next to asthma. Prednisone for fibrosis could be phased down from 60 to 5 mg dd with help of enox.
								Ciclesonide 80 mcg	Stopped
								Foster 100/6 2 dd	Stopped
								After diagnosed with lung fibrosis
								Prednisone 60 mg dd	5 mg dd
62	1	40	F	Feb. 2019	Asthma	10 mg dd	None	Qvar 100 2 × 2 dd	Idem	>26 months
8	2	26	F	June 2013	Asthma/hay fever/	5 mg 2 x dd	None	Ventolin 100 mcg prn	Idem	>8 years	Asthma diminished; hayfever much less; allergies and eczema as good as gone
					Allergies/eczema			Atrovent 20 mcg prn	Stopped
								Loratadine 10 mg dd	Stopped
								Xylometazoline prn	Idem
9	2	38	F	Nov. 2013	Asthma/allergies	15 mg 2 x p/w	None	Ventolin 100 mgc prn	Stopped	>7 years	No more agitation
								Symbicort 200 3 dd	prn
11	2	60	F	Oct. 2013	Asthma/allergies	15 mg 3 x p/w, extra in case of a cold	None	Airomir 100 5 dd; Foster 100/6 4 dd; Foradil prn; Avamys nasal spr. 2 dd; Polaramine 2 mg prn; Fexofenadine 180 mg 1 dd; Ventolin 200 mcg disc prn	2 dd; Stopped; Stopped; Stopped; Stopped; Idem; Stopped	>7 year	Diagnosed with asthma at very young age; internalized for several years. Severely traumatized by asthma past and always been heavily dependent on meds. Frequent and long-time steroid use caused severe osteoporosis feeling much better with enox.; all steroids stopped! 2015 spirometry best ever!
13	2	43	F	Feb. 2013	Asthma	5 mg dd	None	Salbutamol 100 mcg 12 dd; Combivent 6 dd (in conversation 8 x hr); Alvesco 160 2 dd; Foradil 2 dd; Prednisone; Montelukast 110 mg 1 dd	2 dd; Idem; Idem; Idem; 5 mg dd; Idem	>7 year	Was almost dying - declared untreatable by pulmonologist. On enox. Was able to work and sport again. Stopped enox. And aquired severe stenotrophomonas pneumonia; back on enox. now, with good pulmonary result. Frequent and long-time steroid use caused severe osteoporosis.
14	2	60	M	April 2019	Asthma/hay fever	10 mg dd	None	Ipratropium 250 mcg up to 6 dd; °; Salbutamol 100 mcg 1 dd; Lorazepam 1 mg 1 dd; Foster 100/6 1 dd; Seebri 44 mg 1 x dd	Stopped; now; Trimbow 2 dd; Idem; Idem; Stopped; Stopped	>24 months
17	2	47	F	July 2018	Hay fever/allergies/eczema	10 mg dd	None	Antihistamine 2 dd; Allergodil eye drops prn; Steroid cream 1 dd	Stopped; Stopped; Idem	>30 months	Hay fever significantly better; eczema persistent.
49	2	43	M	Nov. 2018	Asthma	15 mg dd	None	Foster 100/6 4 × 2 dd; Seretide 25/125 2 × 2 dd; Qvar 100 4 × 2 dd; Spiriva 2,5 mcg 1 x dd; Rupafin 10 mg prn; Livocab 0,5 mg prn; Rhinocort 32 1 dd	2 x dd; Stopped; 2 x dd; Idem; Idem; Idem; Idem	>29 months
54	2	32	M	March 2013	Asthma/hay fever	25 mg 2 x p/w	None	Seretide 25/125 4 dd; Fluticasone 100 1 dd; Prednisone 5 mg dd	prn Stopped Stopped	>8 years
55	2	42	F	July 2014	Asthma	5 mg 2-3-x p/w	None	Ventolin 100 mcg 6 dd Seretide 25/125 mcg 3 dd	2 dd 1 dd	>6 years
56	2	54	M	May 2015	Asthma	10 mg eod (in hay fever season)	None	Foster 200/6 2 × 2 dd Flixonase 50 mcg 2 dd Otrivin nasal spray prn	1 dd 1 dd Idem	>5 years
63	2	60	F	March 2015	Asthma/allergies/hay fever/Eczema	10 mg dd + enox. cream (4 mg enox./1 ml cream) 1 x dd	None	Flixotide 25/250 mcg 2 × 2 dd; Levocetirizine 5 mg 1 dd Montelukast 10 mg 1 dd Ventolin disc 200 mcg dd; Elocon eczema cream 1 mg/g 1 dd Prednisone/Prednisolone 5 mg 1 dd	Stopped; Stopped Stopped Incidentally/seldom Stopped; Stopped	>5 years	Asthma patient ‘since birth’ (atopic dermatitis), hay fever, fierce eczema, and allergies to fungal infections due to steroids. Severe traumatization by asthma past. IgE levels extremely high. Steroids all stopped now; asthma, hay fever, eczema and allergies under control. Has common colds less ofte; no more wheezing/expectoration.
2	3	77	F	March 2014	Asthma	15 mg 2 x p/w	None	Alvesco 160 1 dd Foradil 12 mcg 2-4-dd Ventolin disc 4–6 dd	Stopped Stopped Stopped	>7 years	Stopped trad. med. After ca. 4 months
3	3	54	M	April 2015	Hay fever	10 mg dd	None	Several over the counter antihistamines and nasal sprays	Stopped	>6 years	Stopped trad. med. After ca. 2 weeks
4	3	26	M	April 2014	Hay fever	Enox. solution (10 mg/20 ml NaCl 0,9%)	None	Levocetirizine 5 mg prn Xylometazoline 1 mg/ml prn Loratadine 10 mg prn	Stopped Stopped Stopped	>7 years	Stopped trad. med. After 2 months
5	3	41	M	Feb. 2015	Asthma/hay fever	10–15 mg dd	None	Ventolin disc 6-8- dd Seretide 25/125 1 dd	Stopped Stopped	>6 years	Grave cervicothoracic scoliosis; uses BiPAP. Stopped trad. med. After 3 months, now uses 5 mg enox. dd
7	3	66	F	Sept. 2014	Asthma	10 mg dd	None	Spiriva 2,5, mcg 1 dd Seretide 25/125 1 dd	Stopped Stopped	>3 years	Stopped trad. med. After ca. 1 year
12	3	50	F	Aug. 2014	Asthma	10 mg 2 x p/w	None	Ventolin disc 1 dd Spiriva 2,5, mcg 1 dd Montelukast 10 mg 1 dd Alvesco 160 1 dd	Stopped Stopped Stopped Stopped	>3 years	Stopped trad. med. After 6 months
15	3	44	F	July 2016	Asthma/hay fever	5 mg dd	none	Foster 100/6 1 dd	Stopped	>4 years	Stopped trad. med. After ca. 1 year
19	3	51	M	July 2018	Asthma/hay fever/allergies	10 mg dd	none	Nasonex 50 mcg 1 dd Desloratadine 5 mg 1 dd	Stopped Stopped	>30 months	Was even able to stop BiPAP. Stopped trad. med. After ca. 1 year
25	3	63	M	April 2013	Asthma/hay fever/allergies	5 mg dd + enox. cream (enox. 1% in vaseline/vit.E-oil 50/50) prn	Light headache at first; disappeared later	Ventolin 100 mcg prn Combivent prn Loratadine 10 mg 3 dd Dexamethasone cream prn	Stopped Stopped Stopped Stopped;	>8 years	Stopped trad. med. After 2 months
26	3	63	F	April 2018	Asthma	5 mg dd	None	Alvesco 160 2 dd Montelukast 110 mg 1 dd Spiriva 2,5 mcg 1 dd Salbutamol 100 4 dd	1 dd Stopped Stopped prn	>3 years
28	3	22	M	March 2019	Asthma	5 mg dd	None	Ventolin 100 mcg 6 dd Flixotide 250 mcg 2 dd	Stopped Stopped	>26 months	Stopped trad. med. After ca. 3 months
32	3	68	M	July 2013	Asthma	12,5 mg 2 x p/w	None	Spiriva 2,5, mcg 1 dd Seretide 25/125	Stopped Stopped	>8 years	Stopped trad. med. After 4 months
33	3	45	F	Dec. 2014	Persistent eczema	Enox. cream (enox. 1% in vaseline/vit. E-oil 50/50)	None	Steroid eczema cream 1 dd	Stopped	>7 years	Eczema totally gone. Stopped trad. med. After 2 months
37	3	52	F	March 2019	Hay fever	10 mg prn	None	Aerius 5 mg 2-4-dd Nasonex 50 mcg prn	Stopped Stopped	>26 months	Stopped trad. med. immediately
38	3	45	M	Aug. 2018	Hay fever/allergies	10 mg dd	None	Foster 100/6 2 × 2 dd Montelukast 110 mg prn Ventolin 100 mcg prn	Stopped Stopped Stopped	>30 months	Expects to need enox. Again in hay fever season. Stopped trad. med. After 3 months; stopped enox. After; 5 months
43	3	38	M	March 2013	Asthma	10–15 mg 2-3- x p/w	None	Ventolin 100 mcg prn Seretide 25/125 2 dd	Stopped Stopped	>8 months	Trad. med. clears up asthma, but when asthma is gone, pruritus in loins comes up - is familial, sister suffers the same. Same happens with enox. Difficult choice.
45	3	18	M	April 2018	Asthma	5–10 mg dd	None	Ventolin 200 mcg 3 dd Avamys 27,5 mcg 2 dd Seretide 50/250 2 dd	Stopped Stopped Stopped	>3 years	Stopped trad. med. After 1 week
46	3	53	M	Sept. 2014	Asthma	10 mg eod prn	None	Ventolin 100 mcg prn	Stopped	>6 years	Stopped trad. med. immediately
48	3	34	M	Aug. 2013	Asthma/allergies	20 mg 2 x p/w	None	Ventolin 200 disc 2 dd Seretide 50/100 2 dd Salbutamol 100 prn	Stopped Stopped Stopped	>7 years	Stopped trad. med. After 6 months
51	3	22	F	Dec. 2013	Asthma	20 mg 2 x p/w	None	Spiriva 2,5, mcg 2 dd 2 puffs Seretide 2 dd 2 puffs	Stopped Stopped	>7 years	Claims that enox. changed her life: is now attending college, does sports and social activities and feels much better in general. Stopped trad. med. After 1 month
57	3	29	M	Oct. 2014	Asthma/allergies	25 mg 1–2 x p/w	None	Ventolin 100 mcg prn Atrovent 20 mcg prn Flixotide 100/6 1 dd	Stopped Stopped Stopped	>6 years	Stopped trad. med. After 1 month
58	3	45	M	March 2014	Hay fever	10 mg eod	None	Several over the counter antihistamines	Stopped	>7 years	Stopped trad. med. immediately
59	3	77	F	Nov. 2013	Hay fever/allergies	5 mg dd	None	Levocetirizine 5 mg dd	Stopped	>7 years	Hay fever/allergies fully under control. Stopped trad. med. immediately
61	3	71	M	Nov. 2013	Asthma	15 mg p/w	None	Spiriva 2,5 mcg 1 dd Seretide 50/250 disc 2 dd 2 puffs	Stopped Stopped	>7 years	Could never function fully; now able to climb stairs, shop, sport (in moderation). Wishes he could have had enox. 40 years ago. Stopped trad. med. After 2 months
6	4	26	F	Feb. 2018	Asthma/hay fever	5 mg dd	None	Flixotide 250 1 dd Ventolin 200 2–4 dd Desloratadine 5 mg 1 dd	Stopped Stopped Stopped	1 year	Stopped trad. med. After 6 months; stopped enox. after 1 year
10	4	44	F	April 2015	Asthma/hay fever	10 mg dd	None	Ventolin 100 mcg 1 dd Pulmicort 100 mcg 1 dd	Stopped Stopped	4 years	Stopped trad. med. After immediately; stopped enox. after 4 years
16	4	58	M	Dec. 2018	Asthma/hay fever	5 mg dd	None	Fostair Nexthaler 100/6 2 dd 2 puffs; Flixonase 100 mcg 1-2- dd Pulmicort 200 mcg 2 dd	Stopped; Stopped; Stopped	1 year	Stopped trad. med. immediately; stopped enox. After ca. 1 year
18	4	35	F	Oct. 2013	Asthma/allergies	10 mg dd	None	Prednisone 20 mcg dd Ventolin 200 2 dd	Stopped Stopped	2 years	Gluten and lactose intolerance as good as gone. Was always reluctant of having children because of fear of passing on her disorders; now has given birth to a healthy child. Stopped trad. med. After ca. 1 year; stopped enox. After ca. 2 years
23	4	50	F	Nov. 2017	Asthma/hay fever	5 mg prn	None	Prevalin 10 mg prn Reactine 10 mg prn	Stopped Stopped	1 year	Stopped trad. med. After ca. 4 months; stopped enox. After ca. 1 year
24	4	70	M	April 2015	Asthma	15 mg eod	None	Ventolin 200 1 dd Spiriva 2,5, mcg 2 dd 2 puffs Salbutamol 100 2 dd 2 puffs	Stopped Stopped Stopped	3.5 year	At 70 yrs old now able to sport 2 x p/w. Stopped trad. med. After ca. 2 months; stopped enox. after ca. 3.5 years
30	4	34	M	Aug. 2013	Asthma	10 mg eod	Mild diarrhoea at first; disappeared later	Pulmicort 200 mcg 2 dd Ventolin 200 mcg 2–8 dd Beclomethasone 5 mg 1 dd Levocetirizine 5 mg 1 dd Natriumcromoglicaat 20 mg/ml prn (eye drops)	Stopped Stopped Stopped Stopped Stopped --	5 years	Farmer - works in dirty, dusty surroundings; yet no more complaints after 5 years of enox. Use. Stopped trad. med. After ca. 2 years; stopped enox. After ca. 5 years
35	4	44	F	Jan. 2014	Asthma	5 mg dd	None	Ventolin 200 mcg prn	Stopped	6 months	Stopped trad. med. immediately; stopped enox. After ca. 6 months
36	4	45	F	Jan. 2015	Hay fever	5 mg dd	None	Levocetirizine 5 mg 1 dd	Stopped	3 years	Stopped trad. med. immediately; stopped enox. After ca. 3 years
40	4	31	M	May 2013	Asthma	25 mg 3 x p/w	None	Seretide 50/100 2 × 2 dd Ventolin 100 mcg up to 10 x dd	Idem Idem	18 months	Stopped trad. med. After 1 week; stopped enox. After ca. 1,5 years
42	4	24	F	Oct. 2014	Asthma/hay fever/eczema	10 mg eod	None	Spiriva 2.5. mcg 1 dd Seretide 25/125 1 dd Ventolin 100 mcg 2–4 dd Steroid cream	Stopped Stopped Stopped Stopped	2 years	Used enox. nasal spray (10 mg enox. in 20 ml NaCl 0,9%). Cleared up hay fever totally. Eczema also gone.Stopped trad. med. After 1 week; stopped enox. After 2 years