Sustained Impairment in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity Testing in Patients after COVID-19: A Single Center Experience
Table 1
Cohort characteristics.
#
Sex
Age (y)
CPET1
CPET2
BMI (kg/m2)
FEV1 (%)
FVC (%)
COVID-19 severity
Time to CPET1 (m)
Workload max (%)
HF max (bpm)
O2 pulse max (%)
Peak V̇O2/kg (%)
RER max
1
F
57
32
94
91
1
4.7
179
95
111
125
1.27
Y
2
M
76
26
76
81
2
3.9
107
151
70
76
1.16
Y
3
M
56
23
90
99
2
4.0
138
169
114
113
1.17
N
4
M
44
29
96
86
2
2.8
71
151
74
71
1.11
Y
5
M
57
29
95
87
3
3.5
81
157
70
75
1.20
Y
6
M
65
27
99
104
2
3.7
104
113
113
89
1.14
Y
7
M
57
26
96
83
2
3.6
115
157
95
96
1.19
Y
8
F
30
32
109
102
2
3.3
90
176
72
76
1.18
Y
9
M
63
21
104
99
3
3.2
129
137
131
105
1.17
Y
10
F
54
25
86
84
1
3.6
99
164
79
80
1.25
Y
11
M
43
26
124
119
2
2.8
83
179
72
75
1.20
Y
12
F
30
20
91
103
1
2.8
116
179
113
103
1.02
N
13
F
61
24
82
84
2
1.9
128
129
110
90
1.18
N
14
M
50
29
110
95
2
3.9
93
173
71
80
1.12
Y
15
M
60
27
93
87
3
6.0
53
111
80
58
1.09
Y
16
F
53
24
118
120
2
6.4
129
164
104
103
1.20
N
17
M
57
25
98
101
2
5.7
125
171
101
107
1.20
N
18
M
23
29
94
108
1
5.7
81
179
83
85
1.00
Y
19
M
39
25
99
96
2
4.3
82
166
81
73
1.08
Y
20
M
38
24
82
89
2
2.7
100
181
95
94
1.09
Y
21
M
72
29
114
118
2
4.9
124
113
117
100
1.04
N
22
F
34
22
84
110
1
6.9
127
181
107
102
1.13
N
23
M
61
28
101
96
2
2.8
153
176
102
124
1.07
Y
24
M
53
33
97
91
2
2.3
90
157
68
79
1.18
N
25
F
32
52
98
126
1
4.0
146
153
99
112
1.06
N
26
Ff
45
29
88
81
1
1.3
72
139
83
70
1.20
N
27
M
42
25
92
143
2
7.8
134
179
113
115
1.19
N
28
F
82
24
147
130
2
3.6
122
114
98
81
1.00
N
29
F
54
19
80
80
1
8.6
211
171
101
99
1.17
N
30
F
57
26
106
103
1
8.7
199
157
134
135
1.07
N
AVG
52
27
98
100
4.3
116
155
95
93
1.14
# = patient number; sex F = female, m = male; age at COVID-19 diagnosis (in years); BMI = body mass index (in kilogram per square meter); FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second (in %); FVC = forced vital capacity (in %); COVID-19 severity: 1 = mild/moderate = outpatient treatment, 2 = severe = inpatient treatment, oxygen supplementation, 3 = critical = treatment at intensive care unit; time to CPET1 = time since positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test to first CPET (in months); workload max = maximum work load (in %); HF max = maximum heart frequency (in beats per minute); O2 pulse max = maximum oxygen pulse (in %); peak V̇O2/kg = body weight-indexed peak oxygen uptake (in %); RER = respiratory exchange ratio; CPET2 y = yes, n = no, AVG = mean average.
