Research Article
Sustained Impairment in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity Testing in Patients after COVID-19: A Single Center Experience
Table 3
Comparators of CPET1 and CPET2 values.
| | Variables | Overall cohort | Nonlimited CPET | Limited CPET | value |
| | CPET 1 | n = 30 | n = 19 | n = 11 | | | Heart rate (bpm) | 155 (±25) | 152 (±27) | 159 (±20) | 0.421 | | Max. systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 172 (±18) | 176 (±16) | 165 (±19) | 0.147 | | Max. diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 87 (±11) | 90 (±10) | 82 (±12) | 0.076 | | Workload (watt) | 169 (±61) | 183 (±63) | 145 (±51) | 0.086 | | Workload (%) | 116 (±37) | 136 (±30) | 81 (±13) | <0.001 | | Anaerobic threshold (watt) | 97 (±41) | 107 (±43) | 79 (±31) | 0.049 | | Max. O2 pulse (ml) | 13 (±4) | 14 (±4) | 12 (±3) | 0.135 | | Max. O2 pulse (%) | 95 (±19) | 107 (±14) | 76 (±6) | <0.001 | | Max. V̇E (l/min) | 83 (±30) | 86 (±33) | 78 (±24) | 0.463 | | Max. V̇E (%) | 71 (±30) | 76 (±21) | 61 (±9) | 0.009 | | Peak V̇O2/kg (ml/min/kg) | 24 (±7) | 26 (±7) | 21 (±5) | 0.047 | | Peak V̇O2/kg (%) | 93 (±19) | 104 (±15) | 75 (±7) | <0.001 | | BR (%) | 30 (±18) | 25 (±20) | 39 (±9) | 0.010 | | RER | 1.14 (±0.07) | 1.13 (±0.07) | 1.15 (±0.07) | 0.623 | | pO2 at rest (mmHg) | 81 (±9) | 80 (±7) | 83 (±11) | 0.452 | | pCO2 at rest (mmHg) | 38 (±3) | 38 (±3) | 38 (±3) | 0.974 | | pO2 at submax. load (mmHg) | 79 (±11) | 75 (±11) | 85 (±10) | 0.006 | | pCO2 at submax. load (mmHg) | 35 (±4) | 36 (±4) | 34 (±4) | 0.351 | | AaDO2 at submax. load (mmHg) | 35 (±9) | 38 (±8) | 29 (±8) | 0.006 | | Lactate at submax. load (mmol/l) | 5.5 (±2.1) | 5.5 (±2.4) | 5.4 (±1.6) | 0.887 |
| | CPET 2 | | n = 4 | n = 12 | | | Heart rate (bpm) | 158 (±20) | 161 (±20) | 156 (±21) | 0.693 | | Max. systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 169 (±16) | 176 (±9) | 167 (±18) | 0.226 | | Max. diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 87 (±7) | 89 (±1) | 87 (±8) | 0.320 | | Workload (watt) | 171 (±61) | 228 (±54) | 152 (±52) | 0.060 | | Workload (%) | 100 (±34) | 153 (±21) | 83 (±11) | 0.005 | | Anaerobic threshold (watt) | 96 (±44) | 142 (±54) | 80 (±28) | 0.104 | | Max. O2 pulse (ml) | 13 (±4) | 16 (±4) | 13 (±4) | 0.222 | | Max. O2 pulse (%) | 86 (±23) | 109 (±34) | 78 (±12) | 0.171 | | Max. V̇E (l/min) | 85 (±23) | 103 (±17) | 79 (±29) | 0.079 | | Max. V̇E (%) | 66 (±16) | 83 (±7) | 61 (±14) | 0.001 | | Peak V̇O2/kg (ml/min/kg) | 23 (±7) | 28 (±8) | 22 (±6) | 0.268 | | Peak V̇O2/kg (%) | 85 (±21) | 112 (±23) | 76 (±9) | 0.048 | | BR (%) | 34 (±16) | 17 (±7) | 39 (±14) | 0.001 | | RER | 1.13 (±0.08) | 1.12 (±0.08) | 1.13 (±0.08) | 0.875 | | pO2 at rest (mmHg) | 81 (±6) | 75 (±5) | 83 (±6) | 0.049 | | pCO2 at rest (mmHg) | 38 (±3) | 38 (±2) | 39 (±3) | 0.338 | | pO2 at submax. load (mmHg) | 86 (±9) | 80 (±6) | 88 (±10) | 0.075 | | pCO2 at submax. load (mmHg) | 34 (±5) | 32 (±1) | 35 (±6) | 0.084 | | AaDO2 at submax. load (mmHg) | 29 (±8) | 35 (±12) | 27 (±5) | 0.235 | | Lactate at submax. load (mmol/l) | 5.9 (±2.1) | 6.2 (±0.3) | 5.8 (±2.4) | 0.521 |
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Bpm = beats per minute; mmHg = millimeter mercury column; ml = milliliter; V̇E = respiratory minute volume; peak V̇O2/kg = body weight-indexed peak oxygen uptake; BR = breathing reserve; RER = respiratory exchange ratio; pO2 = oxygen partial pressure in capillary blood gas analysis; pCO2 = carbon dioxide partial pressure in capillary blood gas analysis; AaDO2 = alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient; mmol/l = millimole per liter.
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