Nomograms for Predicting Coexisting Cardiovascular Disease and Prognosis in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Study Based on NHANES Data

Table 4

Univariate and multivariate COX regression analysis for predicting long-term mortality in COPD.

Dependent	HR (univariable)	HR (multivariable)
CVD (coexisting with CVD)	3.05 (2.19–4.25, )	1.68 (1.16–2.44, )
Gender (female)	0.41 (0.29–0.58, )	0.56 (0.36–0.88, )
Age, years	1.08 (1.07–1.10, )	1.06 (1.04–1.08, )
SBP, mmHg	1.01 (1.01–1.02, )	1.01 (1.00–1.02, )
DBP, mmHg	0.99 (0.98–1.00, )	—
BMI, kg/m^2	0.98 (0.95–1.00, )	0.95 (0.92–0.98, )
Smoke	1.19 (0.96–1.47, )	—
Leukocyte, 10 ^ 9 cells/L	1.04 (0.99–1.09, )	—
Lymphocyte, 10 ^ 9 cells/L	1.02 (0.94–1.12, )	—
Monocyte, 10 ^ 9 cells/L	2.68 (1.46–4.93, )	1.65 (0.80–3.42, )
Neutrophil, 10 ^ 9 cells/L	1.05 (0.95–1.17, )	—
Eosinophil, 10 ^ 9 cells/L	1.93 (0.86–4.32, )	—
Basophil, 10 ^ 9 cells/L	0.92 (0.04–18.84, )	—
Erythrocyte, 10 ^ 12 cells/L	0.69 (0.49–0.96, )	0.97 (0.66–1.43, )
Hemoglobin, g/dL	0.91 (0.82–1.01, )	—
HCT, %	0.99 (0.95–1.02, )	—
RDW, %	1.26 (1.16–1.37, )	1.12 (1.00–1.25, )
MPV, fL	0.99 (0.82–1.19, )	—
CRP, mg/dL	1.13 (1.01–1.26, )	0.98 (0.84–1.15, )
Albumin, g/L	0.92 (0.88–0.97, )	0.92 (0.87–0.97, )
ALT, U/L	0.99 (0.97–1.00, )	—
AST, U/L	1.00 (0.99–1.01, )	—
ALP, U/L	1.01 (1.00–1.02, )	1.00 (1.00–1.01, )
BUN, mg/dL	1.06 (1.04–1.07, )	1.02 (0.99–1.06, )
LDH, U/L	1.01 (1.00–1.01, )	1.01 (1.00–1.01, )
UA, µmol/L	1.00 (1.00–1.00, )	1.00 (1.00–1.00, )
Creatinine, µmol/L	1.01 (1.01–1.02, )	1.01 (1.00–1.02, )
GTT, U/L	1.00 (1.00–1.01, )	—
Osmolality, mmol/Kg	1.05 (1.02–1.09, )	0.97 (0.94–1.01, )
HbA1c, %	1.15 (1.02–1.30, )	1.14 (0.96–1.36, )
HDL, mmol/L	0.62 (0.41–0.93, )	1.06 (0.66–1.70, )
NLR	1.29 (1.19–1.40, )	1.35 (1.06–1.71, )
LMR	0.82 (0.73–0.92, )	1.08 (0.98–1.20, )
SIRI	1.44 (1.26–1.64, )	0.80 (0.54–1.19, )

CVD: cardiovascular disease; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; HCT: hematocrit. RDW: red cell distribution width. MPV: mean platelet volume. CRP: C-reactive protein. ALT: alanine aminotransferase. AST: aspartate aminotransferase. ALP: alkaline phosphatase. BUN: blood urea nitrogen. LDH: lactate dehydrogenase. UA: uric acid. GTT: gamma-glutamyl transferase. HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin. HDL: high-density lipoprotein. NLR: neutrophil count to lymphocyte count ratio. LMR: lymphocyte count to monocyte count ratio. SIRI: systemic inflammation response index; HR: hazard ratio.