Chitosan-Coated Solid Lipid Nano-Encapsulation Improves the Therapeutic Antiairway Inflammation Effect of Berberine against COPD in Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Rats

Figure 4

The effect of Ber-loaded SLN-chitosan nanoparticles and the pure suspension of berberine on CS-induced lung histological alterations. Representative H&E staining images of lung tissue sections from the control group. (a) CS group, (b) Ber + CS group, (c) NanoBer + CS group, (d) under an optical microscope (original magnification × 200, scale bar 100 µm). MLI ((e) and DI (f) values were calculated to estimate changes in the airway space size and structure. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 10). The severity of airway inflammation was graded on a 0–3 scale. Data are expressed as median (25%–75% percentile) (n = 10) (g). Statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. is considered as statistically significant.

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