Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is well-established in clinical practice and has saved many lives over the past few decades. It has helped in reducing rates of intubation and mechanical ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Additionally, it has been widely used in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure, postoperative respiratory failure, and neuromuscular disorders. Thus, it has helped in improving clinical outcomes and reducing complications related to mechanical ventilation, thereby reducing hospital resource utilization.

NIV is an evolving therapy with many emerging indications. The use of NIV has expanded from acute respiratory failure to domiciliary use for chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure in COPD, obesity hypoventilation syndrome, and neuromuscular weakness. NIV is now being used to assist bronchoscopies in patients with respiratory failure. In addition, there is a wider array of interventions to choose from with the advent of newer modes of NIV and alternate non-invasive therapies such as high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) therapy. Nonetheless, challenges remain with this modality including sub-optimal use, patient discomfort, secretion retention, etc. Hence, there is a need for new information regarding humification, aerosol therapy, secretion clearance, and optimization of patient compliance.

In the context of the expanding repertoire and existing challenges, this Special Issue invites new insights in relation to the use of NIV. The aim of this Issue is to help readers of the journal to update their knowledge regarding optimal use of NIV in a wide variety of clinical situations. Original research and review articles are welcome.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Optimising compliance and patient outcomes
• Newer indications of NIV
• Issues related to NIV use such as humidification and secretion management
• Aerosol therapy during NIV
• Description of newer modes in combination with other therapies such as HFNC
• NIV use during interventions
• NIV in specific situations such as COVID-19