Accuracy of 3-Dimensional Transoesophageal Echocardiography in Assessment of Prosthetic Mitral Valve Dehiscence with Comparison to Anatomical Specimens
Figure 1
Comparison of prosthetic mitral valve dehiscence by differing echo modalities and direct comparison to postmortem specimens. (a) demonstrates the prosthetic mitral valve paravalvular dehiscence using 2D TTE (Online Video 1). The 3mm defect is shown in more detail using 2D TOE (b) (Online Videos 2 and 3). Real-time 3D TOE clearly shows the crescent-shaped posteromedial paravalvular dehiscence from the atrial aspect (c) (Online Video 4) compared to the postmortem specimen (d) and the ventricular aspects (e) and (f) (Online Video 5). Also, note the two 4mm echo densities on the atrial surface of the prosthetic mitral valve on the 2D TOE (b) (Online Video 2) which were subsequently found to be sutures on the postmortem specimen (d). The 3D real-time colour Doppler TOE can be seen in Online Video 6. 2D: 2-Dimensional; TTE: transthoracic echocardiography; TOE: transoesophageal echocardiography; 3D: 3-Dimensional; LV: left ventricle; LA: left atrium; LAA: left atrial appendage.
