Age- and Sex-Specific In-Hospital Mortality after Myocardial Infarction in Routine Clinical Practice

Table 1

Descriptive summary statistics by NIS year and sex: acute MI hospitalizations, age <65 years.

	Year 1997-1998		Year 1999-2000		Year 2001-2002		Year 2003-2004		Year 2005-2006
	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
Demographic characteristics	𝑁=418,685	𝑁=150,983	𝑁=415,073	𝑁=154,638	𝑁=431,435	𝑁=164,923	𝑁=417,284	𝑁=161,420	𝑁=399,493	𝑁=155,542
Age^†, mean	52.8	54.4	52.8	54.1	52.9	54.0	53.0	54.0	53.0	54.0
White	63.2%	59.5%	61.0%	56.4%	54.4%	50.4%	53.0%	49.4%	54.9%	50.3%
Black	6.2%	11.2%	6.1%	11.1%	6.2%	11.2%	6.5%	11.6%	5.9%	10.9%
*Other Race^†	7.5%	6.5%	8.2%	7.5%	9.6%	8.6%	10.5%	9.9%	10.7%	10.2%
Unknown Race^†	23.1%	22.8%	24.7%	24.9%	29.9%	29.8%	30.0%	29.1%	28.5%	28.6%
Primary payer
Medicare	9.9%	12.5%	10.9%	14.3%	11.3%	15.0%	11.6%	16.3%	11.9%	17.1%
Medicaid	6.8%	14.0%	7.2%	14.5%	7.6%	14.6%	8.4%	15.7%	8.6%	15.4%
Private	69.3%	60.1%	68.0%	58.1%	66.5%	57.1%	63.4%	52.9%	61.3%	51.1%
**Other	14.0%	13.4%	13.8%	13.0%	14.6%	13.4%	16.7%	15.1%	18.3%	16.4%
Charlson's comorbidity index
1	58.7%	43.0%	57.0%	40.6%	55.9%	40.4%	53.4%	37.6%	51.9%	36.3%
2	26.0%	30.5%	26.4%	30.8%	26.6%	30.5%	27.4%	30.6%	27.7%	30.7%
3	9.2%	14.8%	9.6%	15.8%	9.8%	15.4%	10.8%	16.5%	11.0%	16.5%
≥4	6.1%	11.7%	7.0%	12.7%	7.7%	13.7%	8.3%	15.3%	9.4%	16.6%
Cardiovascular Comorbid condition
Atrial fibrillation/flutter	6.3%	5.8%	6.1%	5.4%	6.5%	5.6%	6.7%	6.0%	6.9%	6.1%
Cerebrovascular disease	2.2%	3.5%	2.3%	3.5%	2.2%	3.6%	2.3%	3.6%	2.3%	3.6%
Chronic pulmonary disease	11.5%	16.2%	12.1%	18.1%	12.6%	19.1%	13.6%	21.1%	14.2%	22.3%
Congestive heart failure	15.4%	22.5%	15.1%	22.3%	15.1%	21.8%	16.3%	23.8%	16.2%	23.5%
Diabetes with complication	2.7%	5.9%	2.9%	6.2%	3.1%	6.1%	3.1%	6.4%	3.0%	5.8%
Diabetes without complication	17.8%	27.1%	19.6%	28.2%	20.9%	28.5%	22.0%	30.1%	22.8%	31.2%
Hypertension	40.8%	48.4%	43.6%	51.9%	47.6%	55.3%	52.0%	58.5%	56.2%	61.6%
Peripheral vascular disease	3.6%	4.7%	4.0%	5.2%	4.0%	5.7%	4.6%	6.0%	4.9%	6.3%
Renal disease	2.5%	4.5%	3.1%	5.7%	3.6%	6.2%	3.9%	6.9%	5.7%	8.7%
Valvular disease	5.9%	9.6%	5.0%	8.3%	5.1%	8.4%	5.4%	8.4%	5.8%	9.4%
Number of procedures performed
0-1
2-3	26.1%	27.4%	21.8%	24.4%	18.6%	22.1%	15.6%	20.3%	12.5%	17.9%
4-5	27.5%	24.7%	25.9%	24.3%	26.3%	24.4%	26.2%	24.2%	17.6%	18.2%
≥6	18.8%	17.6%	26.3%	22.5%	33.3%	28.3%	40.4%	33.6%	55.8%	45.2%
Type of procedure performed
3722/8856/8853—Left Heart cardiac catheterization/coronary arteriography/angiocardiography of left heart structures	60.82%	56.94%	63.39%	58.63%	68.20%	63.57%	73.42%	67.29%	77.08%	71.52%
3601 and 3602—single-vessel PTCA or coronary atherectomy with or without mention of thrombolytic agent	32.53%	28.16%	35.08%	29.56%	40.80%	33.26%	44.79%	36.10%	42.20%	33.76%
3606/3607—insertion of nondrug/ drug-eluting coronary artery stent(s)	25.13%	20.71%	34.81%	28.28%	42.30%	33.46%	48.55%	37.95%	54.45%	42.50%
9920—injection or infusion of platelet inhibitor	0.6%	0.4%	14.6%	11.5%	23.7%	18.9%	27.6%	21.5%	25.6%	20.1%
3961—extracorporeal circulation auxiliary to open heart surgery	10.8%	8.7%	9.9%	7.7%	9.5%	7.1%	9.3%	6.7%	8.2%	5.8%
3615—single internal mammary-coronary Artery bypass	9.6%	7.3%	9.7%	7.2%	10.1%	7.3%	9.9%	7.0%	9.7%	6.8%
8872^†—diagnostic ultrasound of heart (Echo, TEE)	6.0%	6.4%	4.7%	5.1%	4.2%	4.6%	5.2%	5.7%	5.0%	5.0%
No procedure performed	18.4%	20.8%	18.1%	20.7%	15.8%	18.8%	13.1%	16.1%	10.5%	13.9%
LOS, median days	3.2	3.5	2.8	3.1	2.6	2.9	2.6	2.8	2.4	2.7

*includes Hispanic, Asian Pacific Islander, Native American, and other
**includes no pay, self pay, and other
^†indicates 𝑃>.05 (not significant) as follows; (a) Age for all year groups, (b) Other race: Year 2003-2004 and Year 2005-2006, (c) Unknown race for all year groups, and (d) Procedure 8872 for all year groups.