Recent US Patterns and Predictors of Prevalent Diabetes among Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients

Table 3

Factors associated with comorbid diabetes mellitus diagnosis in patients hospitalized primarily for acute myocardial infarction in the United States between 1997–2006.

Variable	Unadjusted				Multivariable model no. 1				Multivariable model no. 2
	OR	Lower	Upper	P-value	OR	Lower	Upper	P-value	OR	Lower	Upper	P-value
		95% CL	95% CL			95% CL	95% CL			95% CL	95% CL
Year
1997-1998 versus 2005-2006	0.58	0.57	0.60	<.0001	0.57	0.56	0.59	<.0001	0.63	0.61	0.64	<.0001
1999-2000 versus 2005-2006	0.72	0.70	0.74	<.0001	0.72	0.70	0.73	<.0001	0.77	0.75	0.79	<.0001
2001-2002 versus 2005-2006	0.82	0.80	0.84	<.0001	0.81	0.80	0.83	<.0001	0.86	0.84	0.88	<.0001
2003-2004 versus 2005-2006	0.90	0.88	0.93	<.0001	0.89	0.87	0.91	<.0001	0.92	0.89	0.94	<.0001
Demographics
Female versus male in <55	1.54	1.51	1.57	<.0001	1.46	1.43	1.49	<.0001	1.42	1.39	1.45	<.0001
Female versus male in 55–64	1.41	1.38	1.43	<.0001	1.33	1.31	1.36	<.0001	1.28	1.25	1.30	<.0001
Female versus male in 65–74	1.21	1.19	1.23	<.0001	1.18	1.16	1.20	<.0001	1.12	1.10	1.14	<.0001
Female versus male in 75–84	1.06	1.05	1.08	<.0001	1.05	1.03	1.06	<.0001	1.00	0.98	1.02	.8970
Female versus male in >84	0.99	0.96	1.01	.3592	0.98	0.95	1.01	.1160	0.92	0.90	0.95	<.0001
Age 55–64 versus <55 in M	1.62	1.59	1.64	<.0001	1.62	1.60	1.65	<.0001	1.51	1.48	1.53	<.0001
Age 65–74 versus <55 in M	1.94	1.90	1.98	<.0001	1.66	1.62	1.69	<.0001	1.52	1.48	1.55	<.0001
Age 75–84 versus <55 in M	1.76	1.73	1.79	<.0001	1.49	1.45	1.52	<.0001	1.30	1.27	1.33	<.0001
Age >84 versus <55 in M	1.21	1.18	1.24	<.0001	1.02	0.99	1.05	.2905	0.85	0.83	0.88	<.0001
Age 55–64 versus <55 in F	1.48	1.44	1.51	<.0001	1.48	1.44	1.51	<.0001	1.36	1.33	1.39	<.0001
Age 65–74 versus <55 in F	1.53	1.49	1.56	<.0001	1.33	1.30	1.37	<.0001	1.20	1.17	1.23	<.0001
Age 75–84 versus <55 in F	1.22	1.19	1.24	<.0001	1.07	1.04	1.10	<.0001	0.92	0.89	0.94	<.0001
Age >84 versus <55 in F	0.78	0.76	0.80	<.0001	0.68	0.66	0.70	<.0001	0.55	0.54	0.57	<.0001
Race: Black versus White	1.52	1.49	1.55	<.0001	1.50	1.47	1.54	<.0001	1.27	1.24	1.29	<.0001
Race: Other versus White	1.72	1.66	1.78	<.0001	1.75	1.69	1.80	<.0001	1.62	1.58	1.67	<.0001
Race: Unknown versus White	1.00	0.97	1.02	.9365	0.99	0.97	1.02	.5642	0.99	0.97	1.01	.4811
Hospital characteristics
Midwest versus northeast	0.97	0.93	1.00	.0562	1.03	0.99	1.06	.1227	1.03	1.00	1.06	.0608
South versus northeast	0.94	0.91	0.97	.0002	0.93	0.90	0.95	<.0001	0.93	0.90	0.96	<.0001
West versus northeast	0.99	0.95	1.04	.7998	0.96	0.93	0.99	.0228	0.96	0.93	0.99	.0207
Medium versus small bed size*	1.00	0.97	1.03	.9390	1.01	0.98	1.04	.5717	1.00	0.98	1.03	.8447
Large versus small bed size*	0.97	0.95	1.00	.0698	0.99	0.96	1.02	.6759	0.98	0.95	1.01	.2078
Volume** quartile: 2 versus 1	1.11	1.06	1.16	<.0001	1.08	1.03	1.13	.0022	1.04	0.99	1.09	.1432
Volume** quartile: 3 versus 1	1.12	1.06	1.17	<.0001	1.09	1.03	1.15	.0015	1.03	0.98	1.08	.3058
Volume** quartile: 4 versus 1	1.03	0.98	1.07	.2739	1.02	0.96	1.08	.5026	0.97	0.92	1.03	.3615
Urban nonteaching versus rural	0.96	0.93	0.99	.0078	0.96	0.93	1.00	.0286	0.94	0.91	0.97	.0001
Urban teaching versus rural	0.98	0.95	1.02	.3058	0.97	0.94	1.01	.1820	0.95	0.91	0.98	.0037
Comorbid conditions
Congestive heart failure	1.61	1.59	1.63	<.0001					1.67	1.65	1.69	<.0001
Peripheral vascular disease	1.46	1.43	1.49	<.0001					1.26	1.24	1.28	<.0001
Cerebrovascular disease	1.25	1.23	1.27	<.0001					1.10	1.08	1.12	<.0001
Dementia	0.92	0.89	0.95	<.0001					0.96	0.93	0.99	.0062
Chronic pulmonary disease	0.93	0.92	0.94	<.0001					0.81	0.80	0.82	<.0001
Mild liver disease	0.93	0.89	0.97	.0004					0.90	0.86	0.94	<.0001
Renal disease	1.89	1.85	1.93	<.0001					1.32	1.30	1.35	<.0001
Cancer	0.82	0.80	0.84	<.0001					0.84	0.82	0.87	<.0001
Mod/severe liver disease	1.04	0.94	1.16	.4229					1.03	0.92	1.15	.5980
Metastatic carcinoma	0.72	0.69	0.76	<.0001					0.79	0.75	0.83	<.0001
Valvular disease	0.91	0.90	0.93	<.0001					0.82	0.81	0.83	<.0001
Atrial fibrilation	0.93	0.92	0.94	<.0001					0.87	0.86	0.88	<.0001
Hypertension	1.98	1.96	2.01	<.0001					1.84	1.82	1.86	<.0001

*Number of short-term acute beds in a hospital. Please see full bed categorization at http://www.hcup-us.ahrq.gov/db/vars/hosp_bedsize/nisnote.jsp
**Number of AMI hospitalizations per year for a given hospital; OR: odds ratio; CL: confidence interval; SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage. Multivariable Model no. 1 includes sociodemographic and hospital factors. Multivariable model no. 2 includes sociodemographic, hospital, and clinical factors. Cancer: total number of patients with cancer (including metastatic cancers). Please note Bonferroni correction was not applied.