Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor and Vascular Function
Table 1
Pharmacological inhibitors of EDHF. Pharmacological agents used as potential inhibitors of EDHF and their targets and limitations (modified from Torondel et al. [117]).
Pharmacological inhibitors
Targets
Comments
Apamin
Highly specific
Charybdotoxin
-
Can inhibit some Kv channels
Iberiotoxin
Highly specific
Tetraethylammonium
--
Inhibit other K+ channels at >10−2) m
Tetraethybutylammonium
--
Inhibit other K+ channels at >10−2 m
BaCl2
—
Ouabain
Na+/K+ ATPase
Can affect gap junction activity at >10−4 m
KCL
K+ currents
Dilates at >10−2 m through and Na+/K+ ATPase activation
18 α-glycyrrhetic acid
Gap junctions
Possesses nonjunctional effects on membrane currents
Connexin mimetic peptides
Gap junctions
Highly specific
Catalase
Hydrogen peroxide
—
17-octadecenoic acid
CYP
Inhibits the synthesis of the vasoconstrictor 20-HETE
Clotrimazole
CYP
Can inhibit K+ channels
Miconazole
CYP
Can inhibit K+ channels
Sulphaphenazole
CYP epoxygenase
Highly specific of CYP 2C9
Fluconazole
CYP epoxygenase
Can inhibit other CYP isoforms at >10−4 m
MSPPOH
EETs synthesis inhibitor
Highly specific
14,15-EEZE
EETs antagonist
Inhibits the vasodilator action of all EETs regioisomers