Source Diet Exercise Smoking Exercise Astengo et al. [16 ] (2010) NR Maximum workload:
𝑃
=
.
0
2
.
Self-reported training (days/week):
𝑃
value for difference between groups <.001.
𝑃
<
.001. NR Dietary % calories consumed:
NR
NR Total lipids:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
2
. Saturated fats:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
0
1
. Polyunsaturated fats:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
0
1
. Oleic:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
0
1
. De Lorgeril et al. [32 ] (1996). Linoleic:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
0
1
. Linolenic:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
0
1
. Alcohol: NS. Proteins: NS. Fibre:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
4
. Cholesterol:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
0
1
. Psychological Lewin et al. [29 ] (2002)
NR Seattle Angina Questionnaire: physical limitations score for I group reduced; for C group increased:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
. NR Diet knowledge index:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
0
5
. PA frequency:
𝑃
<
.
0
2
5
.
𝑃
<
.
0
0
2
5
.
𝑃
<
.
0
2
5
. Self rated smokers
𝑃
<
.
0
1
. Lisspers et al. [26 ] (1999). Self rated dietary habits:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
0
5
.
Lisspers et al. [27 ] (2005) calculated overall lifestyle scores incorporating diet, PA, smoking, and stress: I group significantly higher score than C group at 12, 24, 36, and 60 months.
𝑃
values not given for individual components of score. Salminen et al. [25 ] (2005) Type of milk/type of fat consumed: NS (data not reported). PA frequency: NS (data not reported). NS (data not reported). Educational Carlsson et al. [42 , 43 ] (1997, 1998). A: NR A: work capacity: NS (AMI patients:
𝑃
=
.
0
8
; CABG patients:
𝑃
=
.
7
5
)
.
B: NR. A: NR B: NR C: PA: frequency: NS. Stopped B: NR C: Concern about food habits:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
8
physical training:
𝑃
=
.
4
3
; started physical training:
𝑃
=
0
.
5
0
. C: smoking cessation: NS. Cupples and McKnight [22 ] (1994). Intake of poultry
(
𝑃
=
.
0
2
)
, green vegetables
(
𝑃
=
.
0
0
2
)
, high fibre food
(
𝑃
=
.
0
1
)
, red meat
(
𝑃
=
.
0
0
5
)
, fried food
(
𝑃
=
.
0
4
5
)
, biscuits and sweets
(
𝑃
=
.
0
0
0
1
)
, saturated fat
(
𝑃
=
.
0
1
3
)
. PA frequency:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
0
1
. Smoking cessation rate: NS
(
𝑃
=
.
8
2
)
. Cupples and McKnight [23 ] (1999) Diet score: difference between groups: NS PA frequency:
𝑃
<
.
0
5
. Smoking cessation rate: difference between groups: NS. Heller et al. [44 ] (1993) Mean fat score:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
2
. Proportion exercising 3 times weekly: difference between groups NS. Current smoker: difference in proportions between groups: NS Southard et al. [31 ] (2003) MEDFICTS dietary score: NS Canadian Angina Grade, Duke Activity Status Score: NS. NR Multifactorial 1 year: MET, hr/wk ≥6
𝑃
=
.
0
2
. NR Fat:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
9
; Allen et al. [30 ] (2002). Saturated fat:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
4
; Cholesterol:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
6
; Fibre: NS. Campbell et al. [34 ] (1998) A Low fat diet: effect size: OR 1.47, CI 1.10 to 1.96,
𝑃
=
.
0
0
9
. Moderate PA: effect size: OR 1.67, CI 1.23 to 2.26,
𝑃
=
.
0
0
1
. Proportion of non-smokers: OR 0.78,
𝑃
=
.
3
2
2
.
Giallauria et al. [18 ] (2009).
NR
V
O
2
p
e
a
k
(increase in oxygen at peak exercise):
NR 3, 12, and 24 months:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
.
V
O
2
A
T
(anaerobic threshold): 3, 12 and 24 months:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
.
W
a
t
t
m
a
x
: 3, 12 and 24 months:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
.Gianuzzi et al. [21 ] (2008) Dietary score 3.9% higher in I group
(
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
)
; maintained throughout study. Mean score:
𝑃
<
.
0
1
; maintained throughout study. At 6 months:
𝑃
=
.
0
2
.
(
𝑃
=
.
6
0
)
.
NR Frequency of PA and work capacity: NS (data not reported). No. cigarettes smoked/day: 1 year: NS; Hamalainen et al. [45 ] (1995). 2 years:
𝑃
=
.
0
2
; 3 years:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
2
;
Years 6 and 10: NS. Murchie et al. [36 ] (2003) A NS
NS
NS Murphy et al. [17 ] (2009). DINE fibre: NS
(
𝑃
=
.
0
6
)
(
𝑃
=
.
8
6
)
. Godin exercise score: NS
(
𝑃
=
0
.
6
7
)
. Self reported smoker: NS
(
𝑃
=
.
2
3
)
. Fat intake, g per day: Adherence to exercise:
NR 1 year:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
. 5 years:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
. Ornish et al. [41 ] (1998). Fat intake, % of energy intake: 1 year:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
. 1 year: NS. 5 years:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
. Dietary cholesterol: 1 year:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
.
5 years:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
2
. 5 years: NS. Energy intake: 1 year:
𝑃
=
.
6
4
. 5 years:
𝑃
=
.
8
6
. Redfern et al. [19 ] (2008) A Baseline to 3 months NR METS/kg/min:
𝑃
=
.
0
1
. Smokers:
𝑃
<
0
.
0
1
. Redfern et al. [20 ] (2009) B NR METS/kg/min,
𝑃
=
.
0
0
1
. NR Vestfold [28 ] (2003). 6 months: I patients significantly lower intake saturated and monounsaturated fat, sugar, and cholesterol, higher fibre than C. PA frequency:
𝑃
<
.
0
0
1
. 6 months:
𝑃
<
.
0
5
.
𝑃
<
.
0
5
. 2 years: I group significantly lower total fat intake, saturated fat and monounsaturated, significantly higher fibre, lower sugar and cholesterol. 2 years:
𝑃
<
.
0
1
. Total fat:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
1
; Kcal/day:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
1
.
NR SFA:
𝑃
=
.
0
5
; MUFA:
𝑃
=
.
0
4
; Carbohydrate:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
1
; Wallner et al. [39 ] (1999). Fibre:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
6
; Cholesterol:
𝑃
=
.
0
3
; Vitamin C:
𝑃
=
.
0
0
6
; Energy intake (kcal), PUFA, protein, vitamin E: NS. Organisational Jolly et al. [40 ] (1999)
NR Fitness test (distance walked in 6 minutes, metres): NS. Quit rate (proportion who stopped smoking): NS. Munoz et al. [24 ] (2007)
NR PA (amount of exercise): both groups increased but difference between groups NS.
NR
