Augmentation Index Derived from Peripheral Arterial Tonometry Correlates with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Table 1
Study population characteristics.
Total population
Number of cardiac risk factors
P value
<3
3–5
>5
Age, yrs
59 ± 1
54 ± 1*†
60 ± 1
61 ± 1
.0001
Females, (%)
57 (36)
18 (51)*†
28 (41)
11 (13)
.01
Menopause, (%)
35 (61)
12 (67)*
14 (50)
9 (81)‡*
.01
Heart rate, beats per minute
68 ± 1
70 ± 1*†
66 ± 1
64 ± 2
.04
Mean arterial pressure, mmHg
103 ± 1
99 ± 2*†
103 ± 1
106 ± 1
.009
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg
128 ± 1
124 ± 2
129 ± 2
127 ± 2
.18
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg
76 ± 1
78 ± 1
76 ± 1
71 ± 1*‡
.006
Pulse pressure, mmHg
51 ± 1
45 ± 1*†
52 ± 1
56 ± 2
.008
Height, inches
67.8 ± 0.5
65 ± 1*†
68 ± 0.5
70 ± 0.3
.01
Weight, pounds
192.9 ± 2.8
183 ± 6†
191 ± 3†
209 ± 4
.02
Body mass index, kg/m2
29.7 ± 0.4
29.5 ± 1
29.4 ± 1.8
30.7 ± 0.6*‡
.06
Total cholesterol, mg/dL
174 ± 3
194 ± 5*†
168 ± 4
155 ± 6.3
.03
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL
42 ± 9
50 ± 2*†
39 ± 2
36 ± 9
.03
LDL cholesterol, mg/dL
103 ± 3
116 ± 7*†
99 ± 5
92 ± 5
.04
Triglycerides, mg/dL
158 ± 10
131 ± 11
170 ± 19
152 ± 15
.290
Hypertension, (%)
96 (52)
6 (17)
31 (46)†‡
59 (71)*‡
.03
Diabetes mellitus, (%)
44 (24)
0 (0)
9 (14)‡†
35 (42)*‡
.0001
Hypercholesterolemia, (%)
109 (58)
2 (6)
37 (54)‡†
70 (84)*‡
.0001
Smoke, (%)
82 (44)
7 (20)
27 (40)
48 (58)
.201
Family history, (%)
65 (35)
5 (14)
23 (34)‡†
37 (45)‡
.001
Coronary artery disease, (%)
102 (55)
7 (11)
53 (68)‡†
42 (95)‡
.001
Augmentation index, (%)
−4.86 ± 1.4
−5.15 ± 2.09†
−3.60 ± 1.69
5.65 ± 2.55
.02
‡Significantly different from cohort with <3 CRFs.
*Significantly different from cohort with 3–5 CRFs †Significantly different from cohort with >5 CRFs.
