The Association of the Metabolic Syndrome with PAI-1 and t-PA Levels

Table 1

Characteristics of the study population by presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome.

	Metabolic syndrome		P value
	Present (𝑁=440)	Absent (𝑁=2055)
Age at baseline			<.0001^1
<40 yrs (%)	8.9	91.1
40–60 yrs (%)	17.5	82.5
>60 yrs (%)	26.9	70.1
Gender			<.0001^1
Male (%)	20.9	79.1
Female (%)	14.8	85.2
BMI			<.0001^1
<25 kg/m^2 (%)	3.7	96.4
25–30 kg/m^2 (%)	22.7	77.3
>30 kg/m^2 (%)	53.1	47.0
Smoker			.506^1
Yes (%)	18.4	81.6
No (%)	17.3	82.7
C-reactive protein			<.0001^1
≥3.0 mg/L (%)	33.0	67.0
<3.0 mg/L (%)	13.4	86.6
Urinary albumin excretion			<.0001^1
<30 mg/24 h (%)	15.7	84.3
30–300 mg/24 h (%)	44.9	55.2
>300 mg/24 h (%)	80.0	20.0
Insulin levels			<.0001^1
<8 μU/mL (%)	5.1	94.9
8–12 μU/mL (%)	18.6	81.4
>12 μU/mL (%)	45.3	54.7
PAI-1 antigen (ng/mL) (median (IQR))	126.7 (81.4, 194.2)	57.3 (35.5, 99.7)	<.0001^2
t-PA antigen (ng/mL) (median (IQR))	3.9 (2.8, 6.0)	2.9 (2.2, 4.2)	<.0001^2

BMI: body mass index; PAI-1: plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1; t-PA: tissue-type plasminogen activator; IQR: interquartile range.
¹Chi-square test, ² 𝑇-test based on log values.