Metabolic Syndrome, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Dynamic and Life-Threatening Triad

Table 1

Current definitions of the metabolic syndrome.

Parameters	NCEP ATP3; (2005) [9]	IDF; (2005) [11]	EGIR; (1999) [8]	WHO; (1999) [7]	NHLBI/AHA; (2005) [10]
Required		Waist ≥ 94 cm (men) or ≥80 cm (women)^(a)	IR or fasting hyperinsulinemia in top 25%	IR in top 25%^(b); glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL (≥6.1 mmol/L); 2-hr glucose ≥140 mg/dL (≥7.8 mmol/L)
No. of abnormalities	≥3 of:	And ≥2 of:	And ≥2 of:	And ≥2 of:	≥3 of:
Obesity	Waist ≥102 cm (men) or ≥88 cm (women)^(c)		Waist ≥94 cm (men) or ≥80 cm (women)	Waist/hip ratio >0.9 (men) or 0.85 (women) or BMI ≥30 kg/m^2	Waist ≥102 cm (men) or ≥88cm (women)
Hypertension	≥130/85 mm Hg or drug treatment	≥130/85 mm Hg or drug treatment	≥140/90 mm Hg or drug treatment	≥140/90 mm Hg	≥135/85 mm Hg or drug treatment
Glucose	≥100 mg/dL (≥5.6 mmol/L) or drug treatment	≥100 mg/dL (≥5.6 mmol/L) or diagnosed diabetes	110–125 mg/dL (6.1–6.9 mmol/L)		≥100 mg/dL (≥5.6 mmol/L) or drug treatment
HDL cholesterol	<40 mg/dL (<1.0 mmol/L) (men); <50 mg/dL (<1.3 mmol/L) (women) or drug treatment	<40 mg/dL (<1.0 mmol/L) (men); <50 mg/dL (<1.3 mmol/L) (women) or drug treatment	<40 mg/dL (<1.0 mmol/L)	<35 mg/dL (<0.9 mmol/L) (men); <40 mg/dL (<1.0 mmol/L) (women)	<40 mg/dL (<1.0 mmol/L) (men); <50 mg/dL (<1.3 mmol/L) (women) or drug treatment
Triglycerides	≥150 mg/dL (≥1.7 mmol/L) or drug treatment	≥150 mg/dL (≥1.7 mmol/L) or drug treatment	≥180 mg/dL (≥2.0 mmol/L) or drug treatment	≥150 mg/dL (≥1.7 mmol/L)	≥150 mg/dL (≥1.7 mmol/L) or drug treatment

BMI: body mass index; EGIR: group for the study of insulin resistance; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; IDF: International Diabetes Federation; IR: insulin resistance; NCEP: National Cholesterol Education Program; NHLBI/AHA: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute/American Heart Association; WHO: World Health Organization.
(a) South Asia and Chinese patients, waist ≥90 cm (men) or ≥80 cm (women); Japanese patients, waist ≥90 cm (men) or ≥80 cm (women).
(b) Insulin resistance measured using insulin clamp.
(c) Asian patients, waist ≥90 cm (men) or ≥80 cm (women).