Molecular Mechanisms in Exercise-Induced Cardioprotection

Table 1

Cellular location and function of selected heat shock proteins (HSPs) [22, 23, 32, 37].

Family	Members	Cellular location	Proposed function (comment)
Ubiquitin	Ubiquitin	Cytosol	Protein degradation (ubiquitin levels in cells increase following cellular injury)
HSP10	HSP10	Mitochondria	Molecular chaperons, cofactor for HSP60
HSP27	HSP27, HSP26, and so forth	Cytosol, nucleus	Microfilament stabilization, antiapoptotic (variable in size and number in different organisms)
HSP60	HSP60	Mitochondria	Refolds proteins and prevents aggregation of denatured proteins, proapoptotic.
HSP70	HSP72, HSP73, HSP75, HSP78	Cytosol, nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum	Molecular chaperons, protein folding, and cytoprotection (HSP72 postulated to play an important role in myocardial protection against I/R injury).
HSP90	HSP90, HSP100, Grp94	Cytosol, nucleus, ER	May function as a molecular chaperone during maturation of steroid receptors and assists in the folding of newly synthesized peptides, protein translocation.