The Emerging Role of TLR and Innate Immunity in Cardiovascular Disease

Table 1

Non selective-TLR antagonists in cardiovascular disease.

Compound	In vitro (TLR inhibition)		In vivo (cardiac I/R injury, HTx)
	TLR/cells	TLR agonists
LMW-DXS	TLR2 and TLR4/human MoDC [33]; TLR2/human NK cells [50]	TLR2: LTA, Pam3CSK4; TLR4: LPS, HS	MI/pig [48]; HTx/rat [49]; Xeno HTx/hamster-to-rat [92]
IVIg	TLR4/human MoDC [64]; TLR9/human B cells [66]	TLR4: LPS; TLR9: CpG Oligos	HTx/human [63]
C1-INH	TLR4/murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 [70]	TLR4: LPS	MI/pig [68]; MI/cat [69]; HTx/human [63]
ATIII	TLR4/human monocytic cell line THP1 [75]	TLR4: LPS	HTx/mice [76]
α1AT	TLR4/human monocytes [79]	TLR4: LPS	MI/mice [80]
rHDL	TLR4/human monocytes [87]	TLR4: LPS	MI/rat [86]
Statins	TLR4/human monocytes [89]; TLR4/human MoDC [90]	TLR4: LPS	MI/human [93]; HTx/human [88]

HS: heparan sulfate; HTx: heart transplantation; MI: myocardial infarction; MoDC: monocyte-derived dendritic cells: LTA: lipoteichoic acid; LPS: lipopolysaccharide.