Telemonitoring in Chronic Heart Failure: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Data measured, hospitalization rates and costs, primary endpoints, and all-cause mortality of trials.

	Physiological parameters measured	Cost of hospitalization per patient (telemonitoring {TM} group versus control group)	All-cause mortality (TM group versus control group)	Hospitalization rates or percentages (%) in TM group versus control group	Primary endpoints
Dendale et al. [21]	W^a, BP^b, HR^c	1382€ ± 3384 versus 747€ ± 2137 (𝑃=0.16)	5% versus 17.5% (𝑃=0.01)	0.24 versus 0.42 (𝑃=0.06)	All-cause mortality
Wade et al. [22]	W^a, BP^b	Not reported	3.7 versus 3.9 (𝑃=0.96)	34.8% versus 32.2% (𝑃=0.53)	Hospital admission, emergency department visit or death
Scherr et al. [23]	W^a, BP^b, HR^c, D^d	Not reported	0 in intervention group, 1 in control group	54% RR^e reduction, Confidence Interval 7 to 79%, (𝑃=0.04) in favor of intervention group	Cardiovascular mortality or rehospitalization for worsening HF^f
Mortara et al. [24]	W^a, HR^c, SAP^g, DS^h, AS^i, OS^j, changes in therapy, blood results	Not reported	Not reported separately	Italy versus Poland and UK: 3 versus 11% (𝑃=0.002). Poland: 9 versus 3% (𝑃=0.13)	Bed-days/year, Death+hospitalization due to HF^f
Dar et al. [25]	W^a, BP^b, HR^c, PO^k, questions about symptoms	Not reported	Not reported	36% versus 25%	Days alive and out of hospital, all-cause hospitalizations
Antonicelli et al. [26]	W^a, BP^b, HR^c, 24 h urine output, weekly ECG	Not reported	3 cases versus 5 cases, non significant	9 cases versus 25 cases (𝑃<0.05)	Rate of mortality and hospitalization
Cleland et al. [27]	W^a, BP^b, HR^c, ECG	Not reported	29% versus 27% (telephone support-{TS} group) versus 45% at 1st year (𝑃=0.032)	47% (TM) versus 49% (TS) versus 54%	Days lost due to death or all cause hospitalization
Giordano et al. [28]	W^a, BP^b, ECG, drug dosage	843€ ± 1733 versus 1298€ ± 2322 (−35%, 𝑃<0.01)	9% versus 14%	24% versus 36% (RR = 0.57, CI: 0.38 to 0.82; 𝑃=0.01)	Unplanned hospital admission for cardiovascular reason
Goldberg et al. [29]	W^a, symptom questions	Not reported	8% versus 18.4% (𝑃<0.003)	0.19±0.46 versus 0.20±0.30 (𝑃=0.28)	180-day hospital readmission rate
Tompkins and Orwat[30]	W^a, BP^b, HR^c, PO^k, symptom questions	12% reduction of total cost in TM group (𝑃=0.14)	Not reported	Lower hospital admissions in TM group, incidence rate ratio = 0.87	Inpatient hospital utilization
Soran et al. [31]	W^a, symptom questions	Not reported	7.0% versus 11.2% (𝑃=0.24)	46.8% versus 42.5% (𝑃=0.44)	Cardiovascular death or rehospitalization for heart failure
Koehler et al. [32]	W^a, BP^b, ECG,	Not reported	54 cases versus 55 cases (hazard ratio 0.97, CI = 0.67 to 1.41, 𝑃=0.87)	486 events versus 394 events (hazard ratio 1.12, CI = 0.91 to 1.37, 𝑃=0.29)	Death from any cause

^aW: weight, ^bBP: arterial blood pressure, ^cHR: heart rate, ^dD: dosage of heart failure medication, ^eRR: relative risk, ^fHF: heart failure ^gSAP: systolic arterial pressure, ^hDS: dyspnoea score, ⁱAS: asthenia score, ^jOS: oedema score, ^kPO: pulse oximetry.