Gender Differences in the Influence of Social Support on One-Year Changes in Functional Status in Older Patients with Heart Failure

Table 5

Influence of social support on decline in SF-12-PCS.

	Missing data excluded		Missing data included
	𝑛	OR (95% CI)	𝑛	OR (95% CI)
Emotional/ informational	217		428
Overall		.99 (.98,1.02)		.99 (.99,1.00)
Female specific		1.12 (.79,1.59)		.97 (.76,1.24)
Male specific		.70 (.52,.93)		.79 (.64,.96)
Sex interaction^†		1.58 (1.01,2.49)		1.24 (.90,1.70)
Tangible	219		428
Overall		1.00 (.99,1.01)		1.00 (.99,1.00)
Female specific		1.22 (.86,1.72)		1.06 (.86,1.32)
Male specific		.80 (.59,1.06)		.86 (.71,1.04)
Sex interaction^†		1.52 (.97,2.40)		1.24 (.93,1.65)
Affectionate	219		426
Overall		1.00 (.99,1.01)		1.00 (.99,1.00)
Female specific		1.37 (.91,2.05)		1.18 (.93,1.50)
Male specific		.76 (.59,0.98)		.82 (.69,.99)
Sex interaction^†		1.78 (1.10,2.87)		1.43 (1.06,1.94)
Positive social interaction	216		418
All		1.00 (1.00,1.01)		.99 (.99,1.01)
Female		1.20 (.86,1.69)		.99 (.80,1.22)
Male		.78 (.61,1.00)		.82 (.69,.97)
Interaction		1.53 (1.01,2.32)		1.20 (.91,1.58)
Overall	212		432
Overall		1.00 (.99,1.01)		1.00 (.98,1.01)
Female specific		1.28 (.84,1.95)		1.04 (.80,1.36)
Male specific		.76 (.57,1.02)		.81 (.66,1.00)
Sex interaction^†		1.68 (1.01,2.80)		1.28 (.92,1.79)

* OR (95% CI): odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals estimated by multiple logistic regression adjusting for age and sex.Each social support domain is modelled separately.The ORs estimate the multiplicative increase in the odds of a MCID decline in PCS per 20-point increase in the social support score.An OR < 1 indicates a protective effect of social support.ORs statistically significant at 𝑃<.05 are in bold font.
^†The sex interaction is the female-specific OR divided by the male-specific OR. An interaction OR > 1 indicates a greater protective effect of social support for males than females.