The Association of Chronic Kidney Disease and Metabolic Syndrome with Incident Cardiovascular Events: Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Table 1

Baseline characteristics of study participants in the MESA cohort at baseline (2000).

Variables	Total	CKD^−/MetS^−	CKD^+/MetS^−	CKD^−/MetS^+	CKD^+/MetS^+	P value
n	5163	3444	119	1455	145
Age, years	61.6 (10.1)	60.7 (10.1)	71.1 (9.7)	62.2 (9.6)	69.7 (9.3)	0.0001
Caucasian	2283 (44%)	1565(69%)	65 (3%)	581 (25%)	72 (3%)	0.0002
Chinese	363 (7%)	293 (81%)	5 (1%)	61 (17%)	4 (1%)	0.0001
African	1449 (28%)	953 (66%)	29 (2%)	428 (30%)	39 (3%)	0.0001
Hispanic	1068 (21%)	633 (59%)	20 (2%)	385 (36%)	30 (3%)	0.0001
Male, %	2722 (53%)	1872(69%)	74 (3%)	697 (26%)	79 (3%)	0.0001
Female, %	2441 (47%)	1572 (64%)	45 (2%)	758 (31%)	66 (3%)	0.0001
DM, %	572 (11%)	128 (4%)	2 (2%)	394 (27%)	48 (33%)	0.0001
Current smokers, %	741 (14%)	491 (14%)	19 (16%)	213 (15%)	18 (12%)	0.8
Current drinking, %	3576 (69%)	2494 (72%)	78 (66%)	919 (63%)	85 (59%)	0.0001
Physical activity, min/wk	1644 (2395)	1777 (2537)	1670 (2855)	1372 (2012)	1205 (1683)	0.0001
Total cholesterol, mg/dL	193 (35)	194 (34)	187 (38)	193 (36)	188 (39)	0.08
SBP, mmHg	126 (21)	122 (20)	130 (23)	133 (21)	137 (25)	0.0001
DBP, mmHg	72 (10)	72 (10)	71 (10)	74 (10)	72 (11)	0.0001
LDL-C, mg/dL	117 (31)	118 (31)	113 (32)	116 (33)	113 (31)	0.01
HDL-C, mg/dL	51 (15)	55 (15)	52 (14)	43 (10)	42 (11)	0.0001
TG, mg/dL	125 (65)	103 (49)	109 (43)	173 (72)	170 (67)	0.0001
Fasting glucose, mmHg	96 (27)	90 (19)	89 (9)	110 (40)	109 (33)	0.0001
eGFRcysC, mL/min/1.73m^2	93 (22)	98 (20)	51 (9)	90 (19)	49 (10)	0.0001
MetS components, %
HTN, %	2219 (43%)	1078 (31%)	70 (59%)	954 (66%)	117 (81%)	0.0001
Obesity, %	2763 (54%)	1319 (38%)	57 (48%)	1259 (87%)	128 (88%)	0.0001
Elevated TG, %	1457 (28%)	415 (12%)	13 (11%)	939 (66%)	90 (62%)	0.0001
Low HDL-C, %	1957 (38%)	736 (21%)	32 (27%)	1078 (74%)	111 (77%)	0.0001
Impaired Glucose, %	2062 (40%)	1037 (30%)	39 (33%)	892 (61%)	94 (65%)	0.0001
CVD events, %	283 (5%)	118 (3%)	10 (8%)	120 (8%)	35 (24%)	0.0001

P values obtained by one aay analysis of variance. Data presented in total numbers (percentages) and continuous measures presented as mean value (standard deviation). DM: diabetes mellitus; SBP: dystolic blood pressure, mmHg; DBP: diastolic blood pressure, mmHg; LDL-C: mg/dL low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: mg/dL high density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: mg/dL, triglyceride; eGFR_cysC: mL/min/1.73 m² glomerular filtration rate estimated from cystatin C; CVD: cardiovascular events; MetS: metabolic syndrome; CKD: chronic kidney disease.