The Association of Chronic Kidney Disease and Metabolic Syndrome with Incident Cardiovascular Events: Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Table 2

Unadjusted and multivariate-adjusted HRs of CVD events associated with CKD and MetS.

	Total participants (𝑛=5,163)		Participants without diabetes (𝑛=4,591)
	Crude	Adjusted	Crude	Adjusted
CKD^−/MetS^−	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
CKD^+/MetS^−	2.70 (1.32−4.88)	1.43 (0.70−2.62)	2.90 (1.42−5.26)	1.41 (0.69−2.61)
CKD^−/MetS^+	2.51 (1.94−3.23)	2.40 (1.85−3.11)	2.17 (1.60−2.91)	2.08 (1.54−2.81)
CKD^+/MetS^+	8.46 (5.72−12.20)	5.56 (3.72−8.12)	7.27 (4.33−11.54)	4.43 (2.60−7.15)

Hazard ratios (95% CI) adjusted for age, ethnicity, gender, study site, education, income, smoking, alcohol use, physical activity, and total and LDL cholesterol. HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; CVD: cardiovascular events; CKD: chronic kidney disease; MetS: metabolic syndrome.