| Renal | Microalbuminuria, hypofiltration, hyperfiltration, glomerulomegaly, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and chronic kidney disease [99]. | Hepatic | Increased serum transaminase, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis [100]. | Skin | Acanthosis nigricans, lichen planus, systemic lupus erythematosus, burn-induced insulin resistance, psoriasis, androgenetic alopecia, skin tags, skin cancer, and acne inversa [101]. | Ocular | Nondiabetic retinopathy, age related cataract-nuclear, cortical, posterior subcapsular; central retinal artery occlusion, primary open angle glaucoma, oculomotor nerve palsy, and lower lid entropion [102]. | Sleep | Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) [103]. | Reproductive system | Hypogonadism, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), and erectile dysfunction [104]. | Cardiovascular system | Coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke [105]. | Cancers | Breast, pancreas, and prostrate [106]. |
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