Digoxin Use to Control Ventricular Rate in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure Is Not Associated with Increased Mortality

Table 2

Baseline characteristics of patients included in the component studies.

First author	Sex (%)	Age (yrs)	CKD (%)	BB (%)	ACEi (%)	CAD (%)	DM (%)	CHF (%)	HTN (%)	Stroke (%)	ASA (%)	Coumadin (%)
Chao (2014) [15]	53.4	68.0	8.1	16.2	18.5		32.1	16.0	68.5	19.8
Fauchier (2009) [14]	60.0	74.3	9.3	50.0	77.1	21.4	17.0	100.0	44.1	4.7	31.2	58.0
Shah (2014) [16]	45.6	79.0	12.5	41.8	29.0	37.8	22.4	0.0	59.1	7.8	29.9	60.3
Shah (2014) [16]	50.0	80.2	28.3	50.3	47.4	58.9	31.4	100.0	61.0	4.6	36.8	63.0
Friberg (2010) [22]	52.0	75.5	2.0	51.0	36.0	20.0	19.0	50.4	47.5	17.5	40.5	44.5
Whitbeck (2013) [18]				30.0		38.0		8.0	71.0	13.5
Gjesdal (2008) [19]	69.0	71.0		5.0		44.8	23.4	36.0	76.9	21.1	16.3
Turakhia (2014) [20]	98.4	72.0	36.0	60.1	55.2		28.5	17.7	60.7	5.9	15.7	58.6
Mulder (2014) [24]	65.2	68.0		66.4	51.2	17.9	11.2	6.9	60.9
Rodríguez-Mañero (2014) [23]	52.4	75.7	9.8	31.1		17.8	28.0	16.3	77.4	4.3
Freeman (2014) [13]	53.5	71.2	35.5	56.1	35.2	5.3	23.5	0.0	77.1	35.8	6.8	33.1
Pastori (2015) [21]	55.9	73.5		40.8	69.5	48.2	21.4	19.7	89.4	16.3	8.1	100.0
Allen P (2015) [17]	56.9	75.5				31.7	31.5	13.0
Allen I (2015) [17]	57.2	75.5				31.7	31.5	10.0

CKD: chronic kidney disease, BB: beta-blocker, ACEi: ace inhibitor, CAD: coronary artery disease, DM: diabetes mellitus, CHF: congestive heart failure, HTN: hypertension, and ASA: aspirin.
Shah: metaregression done on patients who only had atrial fibrillation.
Shah: metaregression done on patients who had both atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure
Allen P: prevalent digoxin group; Allen I: incident digoxin group.