Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes Afford New Opportunities in Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Modeling

Table 2

List of drugs withdrawn from the market for safety reasons because of severe cardiovascular effects.

Drug name	Drug class or use	Year of withdrawal	Adverse reaction or safety concern
Astemizole	Histamine antagonists	1999	Fatal arrhythmia
Azaribine	Antipsoriasis	1976	Thromboembolism
Buflomedil	Peripheral vasodilator	2011	Neurological and cardiac disorders
Benfluorex	Anorectic and hypolipidemic	2009	Risk of heart valve disease
Chlorphentermine	Sympathomimetics	1969	Cardiovascular toxicity
Cisapride monohydrate	Serotonin receptor agonists	2000	Fatal arrhythmia
Cloforex	Sympathomimetic	1969	Cardiovascular toxicity
Clobutinol	Cough suppressant	2007	QT prolongation
Dexfenfluramine	Serotonin uptake inhibitors, antiobesity agents	1997	Cardiac valvular disease
Dithiazanine iodide	Anthelmintic	1964	Cardiovascular and metabolic reaction
Dofetilide	Antiarrhythmia agents, potassium channel blockers	2004	Prolonged QT
Encainide HCl	Antiarrhythmic, sodium channel blockers	1991	Cardiotoxicity, ventricular arrhythmias
Fenfluramine	Sympathomimetic, serotonin uptake inhibitors	1997	Cardiac valvular disease
Grepafloxacin	Antimicrobial	1999	QT prolongation
Levomethadyl acetate HCl	Analgesics, opioid	2003	Cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest
Mibefradil dihydrochloride	Calcium channel blockers	1998	Fatal arrhythmia
Orciprenaline	Sympathomimetic, bronchodilator, tocolytic	2010	Cardiac side effects, mainly palpitations and tachycardia
Pergolide mesylate	Dopamine agonists, antidyskinetics	2007	Risk for heart valve damage
Prenylamine	Vasodilator, calcium channel blockers	1988	Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and death
Propoxyphene	Analgesics, opioid	2010	Increased risk of heart attacks and stroke
Rofecoxib	COX-2 selective NSAID	2004	Risk for heart attack and stroke
Rosiglitazone	Antidiabetic treatment	2011	Risk of heart failure
Sertindole	Antipsychotic	1998	Arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death
Sibutramine	Appetite depressants	2010	Cardiovascular disorders
Sparfloxacin	Fluoroquinolone antibiotic	2001	QT prolongation
Tegaserod maleate	Serotonin receptor agonists	2007	Risk for heart attack and stroke and Unstable angina
Terfenadine	Histamine antagonists	1998	Cardiovascular toxicity, prolonged QT interval
Terodiline	Antispasmodic	1991	Ventricular tachycardia and arrhythmia
Thioridazine	Antipsychotic, dopamine antagonists	2005	cardiac disorders
Valdecoxib	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory	2005	Risk for heart attack and stroke