Recurrent Stroke after Transcatheter PFO Closure in Cryptogenic Stroke or Tia: Long-Term Follow-Up
Table 6
Predictors of AF or atrial flutter diagnosis on follow-up.
No AF/Fla, n (%)
AF/Fla, n (%)
OR
value
Age at PFO closure ≥ 55 years
114 (29.9)
16 (76.2)
7.49
0.001
Male
199 (52.2)
10 (47.6)
0.83
0.82
Cigarette smoking
163 (42.8)
8 (38.1)
0.83
0.83
Dyslipidemia
131 (34.4)
10 (47.6)
1.73
0.27
Hypertension
107 (28.1)
10 (47.6)
2.33
0.08
Diabetes mellitus
7 (1.8)
1 (4.8)
2.67
0.35
BMI > 25 Kg/m2
45 (11.8)
2 (9.5)
0.79
1.0
ASCVD
45 (11.8)
6 (28.6)
2.99
0.04
Index stroke
351 (92.1)
21 (100)
—
1.0
Atrial septal aneurysm
196 (51.4)
14 (66.7)
1.89
0.19
Severe R→L shunt before device closure
376 (98.7)
21 (100)
1.06
1.00
Residual significant R→L shunt
14 (3.7)
0
0.95
1.00
RoPE score < 7
233 (61.2)
17 (81.0)
2.70
0.10
CHA2DS2-Vasc score ≥ 3
234 (61.4)
17 (81.0)
2.67
0.10
HATCH score ≥ 3
100 (26.2)
11 (52.4)
3.09
0.02
ATRIA score ≥ 9
227 (59.6)
17 (81.0)
2.88
0.06
Amplatzer devices
226 (59.3)
11 (52.4)
0.75
0.65
Multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards analysis showed age ≥ 55 years at the time of closure (OR 7.49, ) as the main risk factor for AF diagnosis on follow-up. Also, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (OR 2.99, ) and HATCH score ≥ 3 at the time of closure (OR 3.09, ) resulted risk factors for AF diagnosis on follow-up. AF, atrial fibrillation; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; Fla, atrial flutter; L, left; R, right; TIA, transient ischemic attack.
