Increases in Heart Rate Variability Signal Improved Outcomes in Rapid Response Team Consultations: A Cohort Study
Table 3
Comparisons between RRT consultations who did or did not need ICU admission.
Required ICU admission (77)
Not admitted to ICU (14)
value
SOFA scores
Day 0
9.6 ± 5.1
6 ± 2.3
<0.001
Day 1
9.7 ± 5
3.8 ± 2.5
<0.001
Day 2
8.7 ± 5.3
3.2 ± 2.2
<0.001
MAP at 3 hours
70 ± 6.2
81.4 ± 15.6
<0.001
MAP at 4 hours
73.1 ± 13
82.5 ± 15.3
0.047
Lactate at 1 hour (mmol/L)
2.7 (0.1, 16.7)
1.3 (0.8, 2.1)
0.001
Lactate at 12 hours (mmol/L)
2.5 (0.1, 17.9)
1.7 (0.5, 2.4)
0.024
Lactate at 24 hours (mmol/L)
2.5 (0.1, 19.7)
1.4 (0.6, 2.1)
0.01
Heart rate variability domains
ASDNN/ms
19 (12, 31.7)
34.5 (19.5, 41.5)
0.032
rMSSD/ms
13.5 (10, 31.7)
13.5 (10, 31.7)
0.046
Mean VLF (ms2)
9.4 (5.3, 15.2)
17 (11.3, 21.7)
0.021
Mean LF (ms2)
5.8 (3.2, 11.2)
12.4 (7.5, 17.4)
0.018
Mean HF (ms2)
4.7 (2.8, 10.4)
10.5 (7.5, 17.4)
0.017
Hourly differences in frequency domains
Very low frequency in ms2
VLF at 2 hours
7.5 (4.2, 14.8)
13.2 (6.8, 19.7)
0.035
VLF at 3 hours
8 (3.9, 14.5)
13.8 (8.6, 25)
0.025
VLF at 4 hours
6.7 (4, 18.5)
16.7 (10.5, 24.7)
0.004
VLF at 5 hours
6.2 (3.2, 12.8)
16.8 (10.7, 24.2)
0.003
VLF at 6 hours
6.6 (3.6, 13.4)
14.6 (10.1, 21.3)
0.006
VLF at 24 hours
8.4 (3.6, 13.7)
18 (8, 25.7)
0.025
Change in VLF at 1 hour
−0.4 (−1, −1.1)
1.9 (−0.5, −3.8)
0.027
Change in VLF at 2 hours
−1 (−3.3, 0.8)
2.4 (0.1, 4.7)
0.001
Change in VLF at 3 hours
−0.9 (−2.1, 1.8)
3.3 (−1.2, 9.7)
0.025
Change in VLF at 4 hours
−0.4 (−2.7, 2.2)
5.2 (−0.3, 11)
0.003
Change in VLF at 5 hours
−0.5 (−2.2, 1.6)
6.5 (−0.8, 8.2)
0.005
Change in VLF at 6 hours
−0.2 (−2.2, 1.3)
3.7 (0.5, 8)
0.003
Change in LH at 1 hour
0.002 (−0.1, 0.07)
0.1 (0.001, 0.2)
0.004
Change in LH at 4 hours
0 (−0.2, 0.2)
0.2 (−0.09, 0.6)
0.034
Change in LH at 5 hours
2.8 (1, 10.5)
9.6 (3, 15.3)
0.043
Change in LH at 24 hours
0 (−0.4, −0.3)
0.2 (−0.02, 0.6)
0.028
Change in LF at 1 hour
−0.1 (−1.1, −0.9)
1.4 (0.04, −5.6)
0.015
Change in LF at 2 hours
−0.5 (−2.2, 0.6)
1.9 (0.5, 3.5)
<0.001
Change in LF at 6 hours
0.13 (−1.7, −0.8)
2.7 (0.5, 6.4)
0.002
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviations, mean (range), and median (25–75 interquartile range) as appropriate. “Change in” refers to change from baseline. MAP, mean arterial pressure; VLF, very low frequency; LF, low frequency, L/H, low/high ratio; HF, high frequency.
