Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Permanent Atrial Fibrillation: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Table 5

Effect of patients’ characteristics on the levels of anxiety.

Characteristics	Anxiety levels (reference category: low levels)
	Moderate levels		High levels
	OR (95% CI)	value	OR (95% CI)	value
Gender
Male	Ref. cat.	—	Ref. cat.	—
Female	0.72 (0.26–2.03)	0.536	2.16 (0.91–5.14)	0.081
Age
≤60	Ref. cat.	—	Ref. cat.	—
61–70	0.7 (0.23–2.12)	0.527	0.51 (0.16–1.56)	0.237
>70	0.23 (0.06–0.83)	0.026	0.46 (0.15–1.39)	0.168
Educational level
Primary	Ref. cat.	—	Ref. cat.	—
Secondary	1.5 (0.61–3.71)	0.380	0.55 (0.22–1.38)	0.202
University	1.85 (0.47–7.25)	0.378	3.37 (0.91–12.53)	0.069
Job
Employee	Ref. cat.	—	Ref. cat.	—
Pensioner/household	0.81 (0.28–2.39)	0.706	3.21 (1.03–10.01)	0.044
Years having the disease
<2	Ref. cat.	—	Ref. cat.	—
2–5	0.69 (0.26–1.87)	0.467	0.89 (0.33–2.37)	0.812
6–10	1.23 (0.4–3.78)	0.714	1.88 (0.71–5.01)	0.205
Relations with nursing staff
Very good	Ref. cat.	—	Ref. cat.	—
Good	3.25 (1.07–9.83)	0.037	3.89 (1.32–11.41)	0.013
Moderate/bad	1.92 (0.27–13.49)	0.512	6.58 (1.09–39.68)	0.040
Other diseases
Yes	Ref. cat.	—	Ref. cat.	—
No	0.88 (0.36–2.17)	0.780	0.95 (0.42–2.16)	0.912

Low-level score: 0–7; moderate-level score: 8–10; high-level score: 11–21.