The Effect of Ivabradine on the Human Atrial Myocardial Contractility in an In Vitro Study

Figure 1

Experimental design. (a) Preparing the samples: specimens are left to stabilize and reach a steady state, before starting the experiment. (b) The first measurement: contraction parameters are recorded over a period of 3 min. (c) Application of ivabradine/placebo: ivabradine/placebo is applied over a period of 15 min during the continuous electrical stimulation. (d) The second measurement: contraction parameters are recorded again over a period of 3 min.