Association of Cancer and the Risk of Developing Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Table 3

Subgroup analysis of the association between cancer and atrial fibrillation.

	Subgroup	Number of studies	Meta-analysis			Heterogeneity
			OR	95% CI	value	I^2 (%)	value
Study design	Case control	2	2.11	1.03–4.34	0.04	77	0.04
	Cohort	3	1.38	1.15–1.64	0.0004	69	0.04
Study location	Europe	3	1.56	1.39–1.76	<0.0001	65	0.06
	USA	2	1.22	1.04–1.44	0.01	0	0.52
Criterion for AF diagnosis	ECG	2	1.89	0.70–5.10	0.21	87	0.005
	ICD	2	1.56	1.39–1.74	<0.0001	0	0.62
Time interval between cancer diagnosis and AF	≤90 days	2	7.62	3.08–18.88	<0.0001	91	0.0009
	91–365 days	2	1.06	0.90–1.25	0.46	0	0.48
	>365 days	2	0.97	0.71–1.34	0.87	84	0.01

AF = atrial fibrillation; CI = confidence interval; ECG = electrocardiogram; ICD = International Classification of Disease; OR = odds ratio.