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| Title | Research design | Age at baseline | Intervention | Duration/follow-up | Main results | Number of participants |
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| Use of lipid-lowering agents, indication bias, and the risk of dementia in community-dwelling elderly people | A cohort study of lipid-lowering agents (LLA) use and a case-control study of dementia in relation to LLA use | ≥65 | None | NF | In those younger than 80 years, the usage of lipid-lowering agents was associated with a lower risk of dementia and AD. | 2305 |
| Decreased prevalence of Alzheimer disease associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors | Cross-sectional study | ≥60 | None | 1996–1998 | The prevalence of probable AD in the cohort taking statins was 60–73% lower than the total patient population or compared with patients taking other medications typically used in the treatment of hypertension or cardiovascular disease. | 57104 |
| Statins and the risk of dementia | Nested case-control study | ≥50 | None | NF | Individuals (≥50 years) who were prescribed statins had a substantially lower risk of developing dementia, independent of the presence or absence of untreated hyperlipidemia, or exposure to nonstatin LLAs. | 1364 |
| Statins are associated with a reduced risk of Alzheimer disease regardless of lipophilicity: the Rotterdam study | Prospective, population-based Rotterdam study | ≥55 | None | 1990–1993 to 2005 | In the general population, the use of statins, but not of nonstatin cholesterol-lowering drugs, was associated with a lower risk of AD compared with the absence of cholesterol-lowering drug usage. | 6992 |
| Statin use and the risk of incident dementia: the cardiovascular health study | Cohort study | ≥65 | None | NF | Statin therapy was not associated with a decreased risk of dementia. | 2798 |
| The association of statin use and statin type and cognitive performance: analysis of the reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke (REGARDS) study | Cross-sectional study | ≥45 | None | 2003–2008 | Statin use and type were marginally associated with cognitive impairment. After adjusting for known variables that affect cognition, no association was observed. | 24595 |
| The 32-year relationship between cholesterol and dementia from midlife to late life | Prospective population study | 38–60 | None | 32 years | Midlife cholesterol level was not associated with an increased risk of AD. | 1462 |
| Intensive versus guideline blood pressure and lipid lowering in patients with previous stroke: main results from the pilot “prevention of decline in cognition after stroke trial” (PODCAST) randomized controlled trial | Randomized clinical trial | 74.0 ± 6.8 | Intensive (target LDL-cholesterol <1.3 mmol/l) or guideline (target LDL-c <3.0 mmol/l) lipid lowering | 2 years | Intensive lipid-lowering therapy was significantly associated with improved scores for ACE-R at 6 months, trail making A, modified Rankin scale, and Euro-Qol visual analogue scale. | 83 |
| Improved neurocognitive functions correlate with reduced inflammatory burden in atrial fibrillation patients treated with intensive cholesterol-lowering therapy | Randomized clinical trial | 74.5 ± 4.2 (treatment)/73.5 (Pablo) | Atorvastatin (40 mg) and ezetimibe (10 mg) or double placebo | 1 year | Intensive lipid-lowering treatment can modify the deterioration of neurocognitive function and the loss of volume in certain cerebral areas in older patients with arterial fibrillation. | 34 |
| Patterns of antihypertensive and statin adherence prior to dementia: findings from the adult changes in thought study | Population-based cohort study | ≥65 | None | NF | No association was detected between statin adherence and dementia. | 4368 |
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